The four different subtypes of measurement validity
SOC 480 Topic 7 DQ 2
Review the four different subtypes of measurement validity on page 155 of the textbook. Identify which subtypes you will include in your research and provide a rationale for each included.
ADDITIONAL DETAILS
The four different subtypes of measurement validity
Measurement validity is important in order to ensure that research results are accurate and reliable. There are four different subtypes of measurement validity, which are: content validity, face validity, criterion-related validity, and construct validity. In this blog post, we will explore each of these subtypes in more detail.
Definition of validity
There are four different subtypes of measurement validity: content, face, criterion-related, and construct.
Content validity is concerned with whether or not a measure assesses all of the important content in a given domain. To establish content validity, experts in the given domain are consulted to identify the most important content to be measured. A measure has good content validity if it covers all of the important content identified by the experts.
Face validity is concerned with whether or not a measure appears to be measuring what it is supposed to be measuring. A measure has good face validity if it looks like it is measuring what it is supposed to be measuring.
Criterion-related validity is concerned with whether or not a measure predicts future performance on some other criterion measure. A measure has good criterion-related validity if it is correlated with other measures that are known to be good predictors of the criterion.
Construct validity is concerned with whether or not a measure actually measures what it claims to be measuring. A measure has good construct validity if it is correlated with other measures that are known to be related to the construct being measured.
Content validity
There are four different subtypes of measurement validity: content, face, criterion-related, and construct.
Content validity is concerned with whether or not the test items are a representative sample of the behavior being measured. If the answer to this question is no, then the test has low content validity.
Face validity is concerned with whether or not the test items look like they are measuring what they are supposed to be measuring. This type of validity is often judged by experts in the field who are familiar with the constructs being measured.
Criterion-related validity is further divided into two types: predictive and concurrent. Predictive validity is concerned with whether or not scores on a test can predict future performance on some other criterion measure. Concurrent validity is concerned with whether or not scores on a test correlate with scores on another criterion measure that is being administered at the same time.
Construct validity is concerned with whether or not a test measures what it claims to measure. This type of validity is often assessed through factor analysis or convergent/divergent validation.
Criterion-related validity
Criterion-related validity is a type of construct validity that focuses on the relationship between a measure and some criterion (i.e., some other variable that can be used to judge the adequacy of the measure). There are two types of criterion-related validity: predictive and concurrent.
Predictive validity is concerned with how well a measure predicts some future criterion. For example, if we want to know how well an aptitude test predicts future job performance, we would administer the test to a group of employees and then compare their scores on the test to their job performance ratings some time later. If there is a strong relationship between the two variables, we would say that the aptitude test has good predictive validity for job performance.
Concurrent validity is concerned with how well a measure correlates with some other criterion that is being measured at the same time. For example, if we want to know how well a new reading achievement test correlates with another reading achievement test that is already being used, we would administer both tests to a group of students and see how well they correlate. If there is a strong relationship between the two measures, we would say that the new measure has good concurrent validity.
Construct validity
There are four different subtypes of measurement validity: content, convergent, discriminant, and predictive.
Content validity is concerned with whether or not the test actually measures what it’s supposed to be measuring. In order for a test to have content validity, every items on the test must be related to the construct being measured. For example, a math test would not have content validity if it contained questions about history.
Convergent validity is concerned with whether or not different measures of the same construct produce similar results. For example, if two different intelligence tests both produce similar results, then they have convergent validity.
Discriminant validity is concerned with whether or not a measure of one construct produces different results than a measure of a different construct. For example, an intelligence test should produce different results than a personality test.
Predictive validity is concerned with whether or not a measure can predict future behavior. For example, if an intelligence test predicts that someone will do well in school, then it has predictive validity.
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