NR 439 ENTIRE COURSE – ASSIGNMENTS AND DQs Week 4 Discussion Latest

Ethical and Legal Issues (graded)

Read one of the following. Links to these articles, which may be found in the Chamberlain Library, are in your Syllabus.

Shepard, A. (2010). Moral distress: A consequence of caring. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 14(1), 25–27. doi:10.1188/10.CJON.25–27. Stringer, S. (2013). Moral choices in end of life care for children. Cancer Nursing Practice, 12(7), 27–32.

Cite the article you chose. Describe the ways the subjects were vulnerable. Is there any conflict of interest? Which protections should be put in place to protect these subjects from harm? What are the incidence and prevalence of moral distress in nursing today?

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 

Ethical and Legal Issues in Research

Introduction

The ethical and legal issues surrounding research are more complex than they might seem at first. In this article, we’ll cover what ethics and law are, as well as how they apply to research. Then we’ll look at some of the most common ethical issues in research today.

Issue 1: Using Deception with Subjects

Deception may be used to protect the subjects’ privacy, safety, health and reputation. For example:

• You may have a study that involves people who have been diagnosed with depression. In this case you can use deception to cover up their diagnosis so it doesn’t affect your results.

• You could also use deception if there is something about your study design that makes it unethical for other people (e.g., family members) to know about it—for example if you want them not knowing where they live or how much money they make each year because then they would feel pressure from outside sources (e.g., employers).

Issue 2: Using Informed Consent

Informed consent is a process through which research participants give their free and voluntary agreement to participate in a study. It involves informing participants about the nature of the research, who will be conducting it, what they’ll be asked to do and why, how long this will take, what will happen if they don’t want to participate and how they can withdraw from the study without prejudice.

There are two basic types of informed consent: active (or explicit) consent and passive or implicit consent. Active consent means that you demand an explicit yes/no answer from your participant before proceeding with any activity; passive or implicit means that your participant doesn’t need an explanation but simply agrees without knowing why they did so—this would include things like signing up for a webinar or conference call without knowing beforehand whether these events are free-of-charge or paid-for events sponsored by specific companies seeking customers’ business via those channels alone!

Issue 3: Protecting Human Subjects

The third issue is protecting human subjects. This is an important concern to researchers, especially if they are conducting experiments on humans. What does it mean to protect human subjects?

To protect a subject means that the person has been given an opportunity to give informed consent and make decisions about what risks he or she is willing to take in exchange for benefits (e.g., money). If a researcher wants something from someone who has agreed upon participating in his/her research project, then there must be some kind of contract between those parties—whether written or verbal—to ensure that everyone’s rights are respected. In other words: If someone says yes but later changes their mind because they didn’t understand all of the details involved with signing up for this particular study; then we call this “informed consent.”

Issue 4: Protecting Animal Subjects

• The three Rs: It’s a good idea to use the right animal for the right research.

• Animal welfare: Humane euthanasia is an important aspect of animal care, and it should be treated as such.

• Using animals in research: Ethical researchers will only use animals when there is no other way to get the information needed for their work.

Issue 5: Research Misconduct

Research misconduct is a serious issue. It can occur at any level of the research process, from conception through to publication and dissemination. Research misconduct can take many forms—from unintentional errors to intentional acts that damage trust in science or undermine public confidence in scientific findings.

Research misconduct is prohibited by the Code of Ethics and the law (see Section C below). The AIC has developed guidelines for ethical conduct in biomedical research that outline how this behaviour should be handled when it occurs within our institutions or among our members who work outside them (see Section J below).

Ethics and the Law are important when conducting research, but they can be complicated.

Research ethics are important because they protect the rights of research participants, who may not be fully aware of what they’re consenting to. They also ensure that your study will comply with all relevant laws and regulations.

Research ethics can be complicated in some cases, especially if you’re conducting an experiment on human subjects or if you’re collecting personal information from other people. For example, if someone volunteers to participate in a study but later decides he doesn’t want his information used for anything but scientific purposes (for example, if he wants a refund for any services), then there could be legal issues regarding privacy law and confidentiality agreements between researchers…

Conclusion

Ethics and the law are important to researchers, but they can be complicated. That said, we hope that you have been able to learn a few things about ethics and legal issues in research from this article! We’ll leave you with a final tip: always ask yourself if your ethics consents align with any local laws—and if so, make sure they are written down somewhere where anyone can see them.

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