This week, as you explore presentations of endocrine conditions and infections in acute care settings, you will examine strategies for assessing, diagnosing, and treating patients with endocrine conditions and infections. NURS 6550: Week 8: Conditions of the Endocrine System and Infections Paper

Learning Objectives

By the end of this week, students will:

• Evaluate patients with endocrine conditions and infections
• Develop differential diagnoses for patients with endocrine conditions and infections
• Develop treatment plans for patients with endocrine conditions and infections

Learning Resources

Required Readings – NURS 6550: Week 8: Conditions of the Endocrine System and Infections Paper

Colyar, M. R. (2015). Advanced practice nursing procedures. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company.

• Section 1, “Dermatologic Procedures”
  • Chapter 3, “Wood’s Light Examination Procedures”
  • Chapter 5, “Bites: Ants, Arthropods (Spiders), Bees, and Wasps”
  • Chapter 6, “Bites: Cat, Dog, and Human”
  • Chapter 25, “Tick Removal”

Papadakis, M. A., McPhee, S. J., & Rabow, M. W. (2018). Current medical diagnosis & treatment (57th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

• Chapter 26, “Endocrine Disorders” (pp. 1117-1221)
• Chapter 27, “Diabetes Mellitus & Hypoglycemia” (pp. 1222-1268)
• Chapter 30, “Common Problems in Infectious Diseases & Antimicrobial Therapy” (pp. 1297-1339)
• Chapter 32, “Viral & Rickettsial Infections” (pp. 1378-1454)
• Chapter 33, “Bacterial & Chlamydial Infections” (pp. 1455-1500)
• Chapter 34, “Spirochetal Infections” (pp. 1501-1518)
• Chapter 35, “Protozoal & Helminthic Infections” (pp. 1519-1559)
• Chapter 36, “Mycotic Infections” (pp. 1560-1573)

Weber, E. C., Vilensky, J. A., & Fog, A. M. (2013). Practical radiology: A symptom-based approach. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company.

• Chapter 11, “Imaging of Bone Disease and Endocrine Disorders” (pp. 215–222)

American Association for Clinical Chemistry. (2014a). ACTH. Retrieved from http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/acth/tab/test

Khan Academy. (n.d.). Infectious diseases. Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/infectious-diseases

Khan Academy. (n.d.). Types of diabetes. Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/endocrine-system-diseases/v/treating-type-i-diabetes/v/types-of-diabetes

National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. (n.d.). Pressure ulcer category/staging illustrations. Retrieved October 27, 2014, from http://www.npuap.org/resources/educational-and-clinical-resources/pressure-ulcer-categorystaging-illustrations/

National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. (2007). Pressure ulcer staging guide. Retrieved from http://www.woundconsultant.com/files/pressure_ulcer_guide_8_08.pdf

Sahu, M. K., Siddharth, B., Choudhury, A., Vishnubhatla, S., Pal Singh, S., Menon, R., & … Singh, S. P. (2016). Incidence, microbiological profile of nosocomial infections, and their antibiotic resistance patterns in a high volume Cardiac Surgical Intensive Care Unit. Annals Of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 19(2), 281-287. doi:10.4103/0971-9784.179625

University of Virginia. (2013r). Thyroid ultrasound top 10 pathology. Retrieved from http://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/rad/Thyroid_Ultrasound/index.html

Required Media

i-Human Patient Cases. (2014). Retrieved from https://ih2.i-human.com/users/sign_in

Optional Resources

Barkley, T & Myers, C. (2015). Practice Considerations for Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioners, Volumes 1 and 2 West Hollywood,, Ca: Barkley and Associates, Inc.

Sullivan, D. D. (2012). Guide to clinical documentation (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis.

Discussion: Endocrine System Diseases and Infectious Diseases

To prepare:

• • Select and review one of the videos found on the Khan academy website using the links below:

• • Khan Academy. (n.d.). Types of diabetes. Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/endocrine-system-diseases/v/treating-type-i-diabetes/v/types-of-diabetes
  • Khan Academy. (n.d.). Infectious diseases. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/infectious-diseases
• Take notes as you watch the video and then prepare a summary of what you learned.

By Day 3

Post the title of the video you selected and a summary of the video written in your own words of what you learned. NO references are required for this Discussion Board post.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days. Respond to colleagues who selected a different video than you did. Based on your personal and/or professional experiences, expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives.

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Submit!

ADDITIONAL INFO 

Conditions of the Endocrine System and Infections

Introduction

The endocrine system is a group of glands and organs that secrete hormones. The hormones produced by these glands have important roles in regulating many crucial bodily functions, including metabolism, immune function, and growth. The endocrine system consists of:

Thyroid

The thyroid gland is located in the front of your neck. It produces two hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The thyroid gland is controlled by the pituitary gland, which signals it to produce more or less hormone depending on your needs.

The symptoms of an overactive thyroid include:

• Weight loss

• Feeling tired all the time

• Feeling depressed or anxious

Adrenals

The adrenals are a pair of small glands that sit on top of the kidneys. Their main job is to produce hormones, including adrenaline and cortisol.

Adrenaline helps us respond to stress by increasing our heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate (breathing). It also causes us to sweat more so that we can keep warm in cold weather—a natural response that helps us avoid hypothermia! This hormone also gives us energy by increasing blood flow throughout your body.*

Cortisol helps our bodies cope with everyday stresses such as work deadlines or the flu epidemic at school. Cortisol stimulates digestion (to help break down food), increases nutrient absorption in our intestines through increased secretion by cells lining inner walls called villi; it also causes muscle cells in skeletal muscles (such as those found within arms) contractions so they become stronger over time.*

The HPA Axis

The HPA axis is the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands. They produce hormones that regulate cortisol levels in the body. Stress can cause the HPA axis to be overactive and produce too much cortisol. Cortisol is a hormone produced by both your adrenal glands as well as your brain when you are under stress or feel threatened by something dangerous or painful (like getting hit by a car). This can cause serious problems for people with chronic illnesses like diabetes because it contributes to weight gain and poor blood sugar control.

Pituitary Gland

The pituitary gland is the master gland, and it controls other glands. It produces hormones that regulate the body’s growth and metabolism. The pituitary gland can be found in the base of your skull, just above your hypothalamus (the part of your brain that controls basic bodily functions).

The hypothalamus receives signals from other parts of your brain through nerves that travel through tiny blood vessels called capillaries. These signals tell it when to produce certain hormones like cortisol (a stress hormone) or oxytocin (a hormone released during childbirth).

The endocrine system regulates many crucial bodily functions.

The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. These hormones travel to target tissues where they exert their effects. The adrenal gland, for example, secretes adrenaline when your heart starts beating faster than normal or when you’re scared. Hormones from other glands like the thyroid and pancreas can affect metabolism by stimulating production of enzymes and proteins needed for energy production or digestion of food items such as carbohydrates or fats

Conclusion

The endocrine system is one of the oldest human-made systems in existence. It has evolved to control many important functions, such as hunger and thirst, sleep or wakefulness, and even mood. The endocrine system is also responsible for regulating our body temperature and immune function. Endocrine disorders can occur when a hormone or its receptor becomes disrupted causing symptoms like weight gain, low libido or fatigue. Infections such as colds or flu can also affect the endocrine system causing symptoms such as poor performance at schoolwork due to decreased concentration levels