NR 507  Alterations in Renal Function Discussions

NR 507  Alterations in Renal Function Discussions

NR507

NR 507 DeVry Week 4 Discussions Latest

Week 4: Alterations in Renal Function

Discussion Part One

This week’s graded topics relate to the following Course Outcomes (COs).

1 Analyze pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

2 Differentiate the epidemiology, etiology, developmental considerations, pathogenesis, and clinical and laboratory manifestations of specific disease processes. (PO 1)

3 Examine the way in which homeostatic, adaptive, and compensatory physiological mechanisms can be supported and/or altered through specific therapeutic interventions. (PO 1, 7)

4 Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

5 Describe outcomes of disruptive or alterations in specific physiologic processes. (PO 1)

6 Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

7 Explore age-specific and developmental alterations in physiologic and disease states. (PO 1)

Mrs. Orndorf is a 28-year-old woman married for 3 years who has just returned from an outdoor camping trip with her husband, with symptoms of dysuria with a burning sensation, urgency to urinate, and frequent urination. She said, “I have had similar symptoms three times over the last 2 years. Pubic and low back discomfort awoke me two nights ago and that is why I am here.” On physical examination, her temperature was 98.6° F, blood pressure was 114/64 mm Hg, pulse was 68 beats per minute, and the respiratory rate was 12 breaths per minute. Other than a tender abdominal pelvic area, the examination was unremarkable.

• What is your list of differential diagnoses in this case and explain how each of these fits with the case patient as described above. Be sure to list at least four (4) pertinent differential diagnoses. Indicate which of these you would select as the most likely diagnosis and explain why.

• According to the first item in your differential, what are the risk factors for this disorder?

• What are some treatments for this disorder?

Discussion Part Two

This week’s graded topics relate to the following Course Outcomes (COs).

1 Analyze pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

2 Differentiate the epidemiology, etiology, developmental considerations, pathogenesis, and clinical and laboratory manifestations of specific disease processes. (PO 1)

3 Examine the way in which homeostatic, adaptive, and compensatory physiological mechanisms can be supported and/or altered through specific therapeutic interventions. (PO 1, 7)

4 Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

5 Describe outcomes of disruptive or alterations in specific physiologic processes. (PO 1)

6 Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

7 Explore age-specific and developmental alterations in physiologic and disease states. (PO 1, 4)

A 56-year-old female comes into the clinic complaining of intermittent severe pain that radiates from the flank to the groin and sometimes to the inner thigh. Upon further questioning she tell you that she has an urge to always go to the restroom and that she sometime sweats and feels nauseous. A urinalysis provides traces of blood, a few white blood cells and no bacteria.

• What is your differential diagnosis? Discuss in detail the pathophysiology of each item in your differential and how it might fit in describing this case.

• The x-ray comes back and there is nothing abnormal except a slightly dilated ureter. Does this change your differential or narrow it?

• How would you treat the pain in this case?

Discussion Part Three

This week’s graded topics relate to the following Course Outcomes (COs).

1 Analyze pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

2 Differentiate the epidemiology, etiology, developmental considerations, pathogenesis, and clinical and laboratory manifestations of specific disease processes. (PO 1)

3 Examine the way in which homeostatic, adaptive, and compensatory physiological mechanisms can be supported and/or altered through specific therapeutic interventions. (PO 1, 7)

4 Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

5 Describe outcomes of disruptive or alterations in specific physiologic processes. (PO 1)

6 Distinguish risk factors associated with selected disease states. (PO 1)

7 Explore age-specific and developmental alterations in physiologic and disease states. (PO 1, 4)

A 60-year-old patient comes into your office with a history of hypertension and a myocardial infarction 13 years ago. You notice that both of her ankles are swollen and that her skin seems shiny. She first noticed her ankle swelling 9 months ago and it has gotten progressively worse. She has a smell of ammonia on her. She also has a 2 year history of diabetes.

• What are at least five systemic effects of chronic kidney disease?

• How would you modify the diet and what is the rationale to the changes of the diet that you make?

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 

Alterations in Renal Function

Introduction

Renal function tests are a series of tests used to assess the functional state of the kidneys. They can be ordered by your doctor during a physical exam, and they’re an important part of overall care.

Introduction

Renal function is the ability of your kidneys to filter out wastes, water and other substances that are filtered by the kidneys. If you have renal failure, then your kidneys can no longer do their job. This means that you may be at risk for complications such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), which can lead to serious health problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.

Renal failure is one of the most common causes of death in people over 60 years old. One reason why it’s so common among older adults is because they tend not to notice when their kidneys aren’t working properly until something goes wrong—like having trouble regulating body temperature or getting tired easily after standing up from sitting down too long during workday hours spent on hard surfaces like desks instead of mats among other things which put stressors onto our bodies without giving us enough oxygenation throughout all days!

Renal Function Tests

• Measurement of blood and urine levels.

• Blood tests can be done at the same time as a urinalysis.

• Urinalysis is the most common test, but it’s not always necessary because you may have symptoms that suggest kidney disease but no actual damage to your kidneys. If you have symptoms like high blood pressure or heart disease, talk to your doctor about taking some precautions against worsening those conditions by getting screened for kidney problems early on in their development (before they become serious).

Acute Renal Failure

Acute renal failure is a sudden and severe loss of kidney function. It can be caused by many factors, including dehydration and drug side effects. The condition is treated with dialysis or a kidney transplant.

The prognosis depends on the cause of the condition: if it’s due to an acute injury or infection, then recovery may be quicker than if there are no underlying causes identified. Symptoms may include swelling, fatigue and lethargy (or feeling tired), nausea/vomiting/diarrhea (possibly bloody stools), feverishness/chills—and more serious symptoms such as swelling in legs or hands due to fluid retention from low blood pressure that might lead you to feel dizzy upon standing up after lying down for too long during surgery

Chronic Renal Failure

Chronic renal failure is a condition in which the kidneys fail to remove wastes and fluids from the body. It’s caused by damage to the kidneys, usually due to diabetes or high blood pressure; symptoms include swelling, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, muscle cramps and loss of appetite.

The progression of chronic renal failure can be slowed with good diet and exercise habits; however it cannot be reversed. This type of kidney disease is irreversible unless treatments are provided as soon as possible after diagnosis (1).

Takeaway:

The take away is that there are many different types of renal failure and they all have different causes. The key is to figure out what type you have and then decide on a course of action—there’s no use in trying to fix something that isn’t broken!

Conclusion

Renal function is a very important aspect of general health, but it can also be affected by many other conditions. If you have any concerns about your renal function, be sure to consult with your doctor and get tested for kidney diseases.