Students will complete a scholarly paper evaluating a contemporary problem in criminal justice pertaining to the course topics. Students will submit their proposed topics during Week 3.

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Problem statement 2:Peer Reviewed Sources

Jewel McCorkle

CJI 0530

Nova Southeastern University

09/25/2023

1. Samir Kassab, H., & Rosen, J. D. (2022). The History of Drug Trafficking. The Illegal Drug Trade and Global Security, 19–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15562-8_2

This source offers valuable historical context about drug trafficking, and this information is essential for comprehending the progression of drug-related criminal activities. This resource provides valuable insights regarding the historical beginnings and subsequent evolution of the illegal drug trade, thereby enhancing understanding of the various aspects of this complex phenomenon. The intended purpose of this review source is to offer a historical framework for understanding drug-related offenses and their implications on the field of law enforcement.

2. Shafiee, S. A., Vedadhir, A., & Razaghi, E. (2023). Ups and downs of addiction harm reduction in Iran: key insights and implications for harm reduction policy and policing. Harm Reduction Journal, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-022-00719-0

This review source provides an analysis of harm reduction measures within the framework of addiction. This resource offers significant perspectives on alternative strategies for tackling drug-related concerns that extend beyond conventional law enforcement measures. The purpose of this review is to investigate the efficacy of harm reduction strategies and their possible implementation in law enforcement interventions.

3. Stanton, D. L., Makin, D., Stohr, M., Lovrich, N. P., Willits, D., Hemmens, C., Meize, M., Bowers, O., & Snyder, J. (2021). Law Enforcement Perceptions of Cannabis Legalization Effects on Policing: Challenges of Major Policy Change Implementation at the Street Level. Contemporary Drug Problems, 49(1), 20–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/00914509211053660

The primary objective of this source is to examine the effects of legalizing cannabis on the views and actions of law enforcement. This review source offers empirical evidence regarding the difficulties encountered by law enforcement entities in adjusting to substantial policy modifications. This study aims to investigate the impact of changes in drug policies affecting law enforcement reactions.

4. The White House. (2022). NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY THE WHITE HOUSE EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/National-Drug-Control-2022Strategy.pdf

This essential document highlights the overall approach and policies related to drug control at the national level. This analysis provides valuable insights into the main strategy employed by the United States government in tackling drug-related concerns. The purpose of this document is to establish a policy structure that facilitates understanding of the wider environment within which law enforcement acts in situations involving drugs.

5. Zhang, A., Balles, J. A., Nyland, J. E., Nguyen, T. H., White, V. M., & Zgierska, A. E. (2022). The relationship between police contacts for drug use-related crime and future arrests, incarceration, and overdoses: a retrospective observational study highlighting the need to break the vicious cycle. Harm Reduction Journal, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-022-00652-2

This source provides an examination of the correlation between police interactions regarding drug-related offenses and subsequent results. This review source provides empirical evidence regarding the potential ramifications of law enforcement interventions in drug-related incidents. The purpose of this source is to investigate the unforeseen outcomes of specific law enforcement methodologies and encourage the adoption of comprehensive approaches.

These five peer-reviewed sources help explain drug-related complexities, law enforcement responses, historical context, policy implications, and alternative methods. These sources will provide information and support the paper's analysis, providing an extensive overview of this complicated problem.

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DRUG CRIME COMPLEXITIES AND LAW ENFORCEMENT RESPONSE

Problem Statement

Drug offences are a continual and complex issue for law enforcement officials all across the world. This expanded problem statement delves into the complexities of drug-related offences as well as the evolving techniques utilised by law enforcement to combat this long-standing issue.

Manufacturing, distribution, possession, and trafficking of controlled substances are only a few of the illegal activities that fall under the purview of drug offences. These activities, in addition to risking public safety, can have far-reaching social and economic consequences. Drug addiction endangers persons and communities while putting a strain on social services and healthcare systems. It is frequently associated with these crimes. Furthermore, drug-related criminal activity and violence sustain a vicious cycle that harms society's fabric.

The financial power generated by the illegal drug trade feeds corruption, funds organized crime networks, and poses a direct threat to the rule of law. The global nature of drug trafficking adds another layer of complexity, requiring coordinated efforts among law enforcement agencies, both domestically and internationally.

Law enforcement techniques have changed over time to solve these problems. While traditional tactics like as arrests and prosecution remain necessary, there is a rising awareness of the need for a more holistic strategy. Harm reduction tactics aimed at avoiding addiction, diversion programmes that give alternatives to incarceration, and community-based projects that foster trust and collaboration between law enforcement and the communities they serve are all examples of this.

It is critical to continue learning about the intricate relationships between drug offences and law enforcement responses in order to develop realistic solutions that prioritise the public's, community’s, and legal institutions' integrity. The purpose of this inquiry is to provide light on the complicated issues surrounding drug usage as well as the ways employed to mitigate their detrimental impact on society.

The Need for Complete Solutions:

Addressing drug crimes requires a multifaceted approach that includes law enforcement, public health initiatives, education, and social programmes. This complicated situation necessitates novel solutions and a rethinking of old policy. As we go deeper into this complicated subject, it becomes clear that a comprehensive approach is required to effectively combat drug crimes and reduce their far-reaching consequences.

Literature Review

The literature on drug crimes and law enforcement responses highlights the multifaceted challenges they present. Drug-related offenses encompass a range of illegal activities, impacting public health, safety, and the economy. Studies emphasize the adverse effects of drug addiction, contributing to health crises and violence. The lucrative illegal drug trade fosters corruption and empowers organized crime, eroding communities and the rule of law. Global drug trafficking requires international cooperation (Jojarth, 2009). Recent research advocates for holistic approaches, incorporating harm reduction, diversion programs, and community engagement alongside traditional law enforcement. The emergence of synthetic drugs and online markets demands adaptive strategies. Understanding these complexities is crucial for effective solutions.

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