Use the information below to complete the attached assignment. Then complete the attached worksheet page and submit it here by clicking on the assignment title above.??Independent and D
Use the information below to complete the attached assignment. Then complete the attached worksheet page and submit it here by clicking on the assignment title above. Independent and Dependent Variables
- Independent Variables are things you can NOT change such as gender, age, grade, ethnicity, SES, etc. This is the “cause”. In non-experimental research when the cause cannot be determined, this variable is often referred to as the Predictor variable.
- Dependent Variables are things you CAN change (or at least have an effect on) such as aptitude, test scores, attitudes, etc. This is the “effect”. In non-experimental research when the cause/effect relationship cannot be determined, this is often referred to as the Criterion variable.
- Variables can appear as categorical variables or continuous variables.
- Categorical variables appear as nominal or ordinal scales.
- Nominal scales define types or names of categories, such as Red or White or Male or Female. When there are only two choices, these are also called dichotomous variables. Nominal scales can include more than two choices such as Candidate Party (Democrat, Republican, or Independent).
- Ordinal scales define categories that appear in a specific order, such as levels of Karate belt (White, Yellow, Brown, Black) or BMI Weight classification (Underweight, Healthy, Overweight, Obese, Extremely Obese).
- Continuous Variables appear on a continuous interval or ratio scale.
- An Interval Scale includes zero that does not mean the absence of what is being measured. For example, the temperature can appear on a range above and below zero, where zero has a value.
- A Ratio Scale includes zero, meaning the absence of what is being measured. For example, the number of minutes spent exercising can appear as 0 (meaning no minutes) upwards.
- Welcome to Week 5, Systematic Observations.
Independent & Dependent Variables Worksheet
For each hypothesis listed, identify the Independent Variable (IV). Indicate if the IV is continuous or categorical. If the IV is continuous, indicate if it is on a Ratio or Interval Scale. Then, identify the Dependent Variable (DV) . Indicate if the DV is continuous or categorical. If the DV is continuous, indicate if it uses a ratio or interval scale. If the DV is categorical indicated if it is uses a nominal or ordinal scale.
For example:
Males smoke more cigarettes daily than females.
Independent Variable: __ Gender___________________________________
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|X|categorical ( |X|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
Dependent Variable: ___Number of cigarettes smoked daily _____________
Type of Variable : |X|continuous ( |X|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
1. Online graduate students spend more time with their families than traditional graduate students.
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
Dependent Variable:
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
2. Males watch more minutes of the Superbowl than females.
Independent Variable:
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
Dependent Variable:
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
3. New moms will report reduced stress levels after receiving a massage when compared to before the massage.
Independent Variable:
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
Dependent Variable:
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
4. There will be significant differences between school satisfaction scores of kids in 3rd, 6th, and 9th grades.
Independent Variable:
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
Dependent Variable:
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
5. Stress levels among college students vary by the time spent watching TV (under 1 hour, 1-2 hours, or more than 2 hours per day).
Independent Variable:
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
Dependent Variable:
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
6. Math Skills tutorials are more effective at reducing stress levels among statistic students than Meditation exercises.
Independent Variable:
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
Dependent Variable:
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
7. Pet owners take more daily steps than non pet-owners.
Independent Variable:
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
Dependent Variable:
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
8. Drivers in Red cars drive faster on the highway than drivers in Black or Blue cars.
Independent Variable:
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
Dependent Variable:
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
9. Years spent in school is a predictor of job satisfaction.
Independent Variable:
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
Dependent Variable:
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
10. Football fans display higher levels of aggressive behavior (low, moderate, high) while watching a game than basketball fans.
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
Dependent Variable:
Type of Variable : |_|continuous ( |_|Ratio |_|Interval)
or
|_|categorical ( |_|Nominal |_|Ordinal)
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