Identify the behavior you wish to modify (for example: smoking 1 pack a day).

Part1

Over the years there has been much controversy over using animals in both medical and psychological research.

Read pages 49-53 in your textbook.

Also conduct research outside of your text to find at least one reputable source on the pros and cons of using animals in research.

What are the two most compelling pros and why?

What are the two most compelling cons and why?

After conducting this research consider the following scenario:

You are studying cocaine addiction in rats. An animal rights activist accuses you of animal cruelty. How can you defend your work?

Part 2 Respond to two peers

peers1 Animal testing is not a pretty or pleasant process. It causes pain and suffering to animal subjects and legitimate cases of abuse have been uncovered by animal rights groups. Consequently, the practice should be tightly regulated, and alternative methods should be employed whenever possible. Even though animal testing is wrong there are some pros to it. One pro that caught my attention to animal testing was the contribution it made to life-saving cures and treatments for humans. According to environment, many vaccines and medication throughout history has been from animal testing. Another pro that caught my attention was the benefits it also has on animals. According to Britannica, animals benefit from them because the vaccines tested on them have saved millions of animals that would otherwise have died from rabies, distemper, feline leukemia, infectious hepatitis virus, tetanus, anthrax, and canine parvo virus. A con to animal testing obviously is the cruelty in animal testing. according to Humane Society International, the reasons are the animals used in these experiments are commonly subjected to force feeding, food and water deprivation, the infliction of burns and other wounds to study the healing process, the infliction of pain to study its effects and remedies. And lastly another con is that sometimes the result is not reliably predicted in humans. That is just another animal that had to possibly die and go though pain and torture to get that result. Even though that is something I would never do or even think about doing because I’m scared of rats. If I was ever in a position where I would have to defend myself from animal rights activists, I would probably explain it in a logical way. For example, in an experiment like these animals would provide less variability in genetic and learning backgrounds than humans. They are also less expensive and provide insights that may ultimately help animals as well as humans.WC: 317

Peers 2 Week One Discussion PostAnimal Testing Animal testing has been a controversial topic for many decades. When it comes to animal testing there are pros and cons. Although people find it difficult to see any benefit to using animals in research there are a few.Pros According to Chance (2023), the use of animals in research “make it possible to get control over the influence of heredity” (p. 50). Because researchers receive experimental animals from particular companies, they can understand their genetics (Chance, 2023). This is hard to accomplish with human subjects due to differences in genetic history (Chance, 2023). Another benefit of animal testing is the ability to conduct research that would be unethical to do with humans (Chance, 2023). An example would be research that involves using knowingly harmful or deadly variables and manipulations.Cons The first and most apparent negative of using animals for research is the harm that can occur to the animals. Hajar (2011) states people who are against animal testing believe that the potential benefit to humans cannot replace the potential harm to animals. Another problem with the use of animals in research is the difference between humans and animals. Chance (2023) makes it clear that research studies that use animals should use caution in generalizing the results. Results from certain animal testing research should also incorporate findings from research with humans (Chance, 2023).Studying Cocaine Addiction in Rats If I were being accused of animal cruelty by an animal rights activist, I would show the benefits to humans that come from the findings. Cannella et al. (2020) state that by comparing controlled experimental conditions that are impossible to achieve in humans may help overcome the limitations of clinical research. The use of animals for testing can help save human lives. Hajar (2011) gives an example of a medicine that did not go through animal testing before it went on the market, and it proved fatal to over one hundred people. If using rats to test cocaine addiction can provide vital information for humans suffering from addiction, this should be a positive outcome worth acknowledging.WC:

PART3

Part I – Behavior Modification ProjectPrinciples of operant conditioning can be applied to behavior modification. For your final project you will be developing and implementing your own behavior modification project. First you will need to choose a behavior (your own, your pet’s, etc.) that you would like to change. In 1-2 paragraphs provide the following:

Identify the behavior you wish to modify (for example: smoking 1 pack a day).

Set goals for your behavior modification plan (for example: to stop smoking).

Provide:

Behavioral definitions

A description of the target behavior

The objective measure you will use to quantify whether or not the target behavior has been or is being achieved.

Part II – Classical ConditioningTry this simple experiment on Pavlovian or classical conditioning after reading about Pavlovian conditioning in Chapter 3 of your book.You will need a bell (a set of keys works too :-), a hand held mirror, and a room that becomes completely dark when the light is turned off. Hold the bell while standing in the room near the light switch. Once in position, ring the bell and then immediately turn off the light. Wait in total darkness for 15 seconds, then turn the light on. Wait another 15 seconds with the light on then ring the bell and immediately turn the light off again, waiting another 15 seconds in the dark.Repeat this procedure 20 to 30 times making sure that in each case the bell is rung immediately before the light is turned off. Now, with the light on, watch your eyes closely in the mirror and then ring the bell. Your pupils should dilate slightly even without a change in light!Write a brief 1-2 page reaction paper of this experiment covering the following items:

Share your experience with this experiment.

Identify the Neutral Stimulus (NS), the Unconditioned Stimulus (US), the Unconditioned Response (UR), the Conditioned Stimulus (CS), and the Conditioned Response (CR). (You must identify these 5 elements to receive full credit.)

Identify 2-3 real-life examples of classical conditioning that you are aware of in your life.

Requirements: 2500

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