What are differences between “common sense” and “scientific inquiry”? Explain.
Please answer all these questions and make me a study guide the answers don’t need to be long as long as i can use them to study the test is going to be picked from this and going to be essay questions so set it up so it’s easy to study
Requirements: Study guide
SOC 468 Study Guide For Test I Fall 2023 Introductory Lecture and Chapter 1 Questions 1. What are differences between “common sense” and “scientific inquiry”? Explain. 2. Define a theory and explain various types of it. 3. What is a paradigm? Explain Thomas Kuhn’s paradigmic shift. 4. Be able to define “proposition,” “assumption,” “concept,” “hypothesis,” “nominal definition,” “real definition,” and “operational definition.” 5. Explain and demonstrate the differences between “inductive” and “deductive” reasoning? 6. Be able to enumerate and explain the social forces in the development of industrial revolution, and subsequently laid ground for the development of sociological theory. 7. Discuss the concept of secularism and secularization, as discussed by the instructor in class. Chapter 2: Classical Theories: Durkheim, Marx, and Weber Emile Durkheim 1. Define the concept of “social fact” and its characteristics, according to Durkheim and how it relates to his notion of sociology. 2. Define mechanical and organic solidarity and explain the types of law relevant to societies dominated by each. 3. Define social integration for Durkheim and how it incorporates people into the mainstream of society. 4. Define collective conscience and four variables determining the nature of it, according to Durkheim. 5. How does Durkheim approach the concept of suicide? 6. Explain four types of suicide in relation to integration and regulation. 7. What is anomie and how does it relate to the division of labor, according to Durkheim? Explain. 8. Discuss Durkheim’s notion of religion and its function in society. 9. Discuss Durkheim’s concept of morality and its elements. 10. Discuss Durkheim’s notion of education and its functions. Karl Marx: 1. Explain and discuss various dimensions of Marx’s dialectical materialism. 2. What is Marx’s view of technology and how does it relate to his notion of social change? Explain. 3. Define Marx’s concept of ideology and compare it with the meaning given to it in popular language. 4. Be able to list, discuss, and explain various stages of history as delineated by Marx. 5. Be able to explain and discuss Marx’s labor theory of value and its various components. 6. Discuss Marx’s notion of human nature and how it becomes distorted within a capitalist system. 7. Explain Marx’s notion of alienation and various types of it 8. Explain Marx’s view of capitalism and capitalist crises. 9. Be able to define fetishism of commodities and reification with examples. 10. Explain Marx’s concepts of class consciousness, types of it, and false consciousness. 11. What some of the criticisms made against Marx’s ideas? Max Weber: 1. What are the major focuses in Weber’s approach to sociology as a discipline? Explain. 2. Why do some call Weber idealist or pluralist, as explained by the instructor? Explain 3. Discuss Weber’s position on methodology of social sciences especially with regard to values, ideal types, and the concept of verstehen.
4. Discuss Weber’s notion of authority and various types of it. Make sure you provide examples. 5. Define social action according to Max Weber and explain four types of it as delineated by Weber. 6. Define rationalization and explain four types of rationality as explained by Weber. 7. Define Weber’s notions of social status and social class. How does his conception of stratification differ from that of Karl Marx? Explain. 8. Define Weber’s notion of power and authority. What are different types of authority according to him? Explain and provide examples. 9. Be able to list and elaborate on the features of a bureaucracy, according to Weber. 10. Discuss the dialectical nature of bureaucracy in terms of its leveling effect as well as power consolidation. 11. Discuss Weber’s view economics and the nature of modern capitalism. 12. Discuss Weber’s view of religion and how the changes in Christian religion contributed to the development of capitalism in the Western society.
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