Developing Algorithm Based on Activity and Mobility for Pressure Ulcer Risk Among Older Adult Residents: Implications for Evidence-Based Practice Pinar Avsar PhD, MSc, BSc, RGN,?

1. Which of the following best describes the design of the study?

A. Descriptive

B. Correlational

C. Quasi-experimental

D. Experimental

2. Which of the following best describes the time element of the study?

A. The study is cross sectional.

B. The study is longitudinal.

C. The study is historical.

D. The study is retrospective.

3. Which element of this study would be most likely to introduce bias?

A. Attrition

B. Retention

C. Implementation of the intervention

D. Measurement

4. What statement best describes this study with regard to causality?

A. The results of this study can be expected to support causality.

B. The results of this study cannot be used to support causality.

5. The article reports on previous work to validate the EarlySense movement sensor by comparing its results to the Norton Scale. What type of validity is this?

A. Convergent validity

B. Divergent validity

C. Predictive validity

D. Concurrent validity

6. Which of the following best describes the study’s sampling method?

A. Probability sampling

B. Nonprobability sampling

C. Cluster sampling

D. Snowball sampling

7. What are the strengths and weaknesses of that sampling method?

A. It is a strong method

B. It is a relatively weak method

C. It’s strength or weakness cannot be determined

D. none of the above

8. Which statement best describes the study’s acceptance rate?

A. High (over 60%)

B. Medium (40-60%)

C. Low (less than 40%)

D. Cannot be determined

9. The setting for this study was

A. Natural

B. Partially controlled

C. Highly controlled

10. One of the variables mentioned in the study is movement. What is the level of measurement for movement?

A. Nominal

B. Ordinal

C. Interval

D. Ratio

11. Is movement measured directly or indirectly?

A. Directly

B. Indirectly

C. Both

D. Neither

12. Which of the following is statistically significant?

A. The mean movement (mov) score was 102.8 mov/hour (min = 1 mov/hour; max = 365 mov/hour; SD = ± 102.8 mov/hour).

B. Among the 53 participants, 15.1% (n = 8) developed a visual PU (VSA-PU).

C. In terms of SEM-PU, the right heel was the most common anatomical site affected (73.8%, n = 31).

D. None of these statements is statistically significant.

13. Which of the following statistics is appropriate to use when comparing differences among three groups in a study where the data meets assumptions for using parametric statistics?

A. Kruskal-Wallis

B. T test

C. Pearson’s r

D. ANOVA

14. Which of the following would be appropriate for measuring relationships between two variables using non-parametric statistics?

A. Pearson’s r

B. T test

C. Spearman’s rank order

D. ANOVA

15. The article states that “Correlation analysis was undertaken and the correlation between Braden Activity and Movement Level was r = 0.15, Braden Mobility and Movement Level was r = .24, and EMS and Movement Level was r = .05.”. This is an example of

A. Descriptive statistics

B. Inferential statistics

C. Exploratory statistics

D. Definitive statistics

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