Define terms related to experimental uncertainty
Requirements: answering
Data processing instructions 1. Determine the average mass and standard deviation for each student’s measurements. 2. Convert each student’s average mass to mL using the density of water at 25°C = 0.99705 g/mL. 3. Use each student’s average mass in mL to calculate their percent error. The accepted value should be considered as the volume of water dispensed into the beaker or weigh boat. Round your final answers to the appropriate number of significant figures. 4. Report the average mass, standard deviation, average volume, and percent error for each student in a table in your lab report. This table can be placed in the “Data processed” section of the sample lab report if you decide to use this template. 5. Include full sample calculations for how the measurements were processed in 1-3. A full sample calculation includes a general equation, data substituted into the equation with units, and a final answer with units as well as the appropriate significant figures. Discussion points Comment on the precision and accuracy of your group’s measurements in complete sentences. Please address the following in your statement: – Which students stand out as having precise measurements and repeatable technique? Explain how you determined this. – Provide two sources of error that may have contributed to students obtaining measurement low in precision. – Show that you understand the difference between “precision” and “accuracy” by explaining how data from repeated experimental procedures can simultaneously have high precision yet low accuracy. Did any of the experimental sets of data collected by your group fit this situation? Explain how you determined this.
Lab title as shown in the activity workbook
Date lab performed:
Date report submitted:
Group members:
Group leader:
Data Recorder:
Course code and title:
Section:
Practice Lab: Sources of Error
How reproducible are your measurements?
Objectives
Define terms related to experimental uncertainty
Identify types of errors
Report experimental error
Identify difference between accuracy and precision
Background
Experimental uncertainties always exist. It is the obligation of the experimenter to assess and minimize these uncertainties. We must investigate the nature of uncertainties in measurements and, after identifying the sources of uncertainty, attempt to reduce the level of uncertainty as much as is feasible. Depending on the relationship (or mathematically, on the formula), one input may have a larger impact on the final result than another input. Thus, examining the possible sources of error or uncertainty can enable directing procedural efforts to minimize the errors in the result. It will be useful to start our discussion with definitions of terms related to experimental uncertainty.
Pipet Experiment
Procedure:
For this experiment the mass of a volume of water is repeatedly measured. You will work in groups of 3 or 4 for this lab task.
Supplies, equipment needed:
DI water, digital pipet, analytical weighing scale, small beaker, weighing boat
Document equipment and conditions:
Digital Pipet used: ____________________________ (record make, model, and serial number)
Weighing scale used: __________________________ (record make, model, and serial number)
Experimental Conditions: __________ (temperature of room)
Volume to be measured: __________ (as assigned by the TA)
Results
Measurements:
Table 1: Table of student measurements. Units of reported data in table: ________.
Data Processed:
Sample calculations:
Discussion
References
Hughes, I., & Hase, T. (2010). Measurements and their uncertainties: A practical guide to modern error analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Shihab Al-AdawiMaya Trotz
ENV4004L.004
January 22, 2020
Team Members: Zak Kazakos, Leopoldo Arevalo, and Michel Menos.
Thursday: Group 2
Practice Lab Accuracy and precision
Objectives:
Define terms related to experimental uncertainty.
Identify types of errors.
Report experimental error.
Equipment used:
Water.
Digital pipet.
Weighing scale.
Small beaker.
Labtob
Data and Results:
SSD: Sample standard deviation
From the data above:
The average SSD = 0.00198
The average volume of water = 1.0018 mL
The average error = 0.88%
Sample Calculations:
For: (Shihab Al-Adawi)
Discussion:
For the measurements taken above, it is clear that all students had different numerical measurements that varied between 0.993 to 1.007 (g). Students Shihab and Michel got more precise answers than the other two. Thy had the lowest SSD as well as the percentage of error. However, all answers seemed accurate because the average is so close to the accepted value which is (1 g). The lack of precision was mostly because of not getting rid of bubbles.
Questions:
Analysis of recorded data was performed by using Microsoft Excel functions, (AVG) to get the experimental average and (STDEV.S) to get the sample standard deviation.
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