How is the principle of locality formally defined by Denning?
Part1
1.Select a particular invention or computer referenced in the 4-part Computer History videos posted in the pages section and describe in one paragraph what important role it plays in the history of computing and operating systems.
Read the following article about Locality. When you are finished, answer the following questions.
http://denninginstitute.com/pjd/PUBS/CACMcols/cacmJul05.pdf
2. How is the principle of locality formally defined by Denning?
3. What are the three types of “distance” as associated with the locality principle?
4. What is the significance of locality and its applicability across memory hierarchies? Provide examples of how it has been applied in operating systems or networks.
Part 2
Read the following articles regarding chip investments and the global concern about manufacturing them:
the PDF file down, goes here
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/05/chip-wars-how-semiconductors-became-a-flashpoint-in-the-us-china-relationship
Links to an external site.
https://www.theverge.com/23578430/chip-war-chris-miller-asml-intel-apple-samsung-us-china-decoder
Links to an external site.
Write a paragraph summarizing your thoughts and concerns about the current state of global chip production.
Don’t use chatGPT please
Requirements: as long as it takes
Founder & CEO, CJPA Global Advisors; NYU AdjunctInstructor, SPSFORBESMONEYMARKETSThe 2023 US–China ChipWar: The Nexus Of HighTech And GeopoliticsEarl CarrContributorFollow0Listen to articleMartin Ehl (2020, November 23). Modern Semiconductors. … [+]VISEGRAD / INSIGHTUS tech giant IntelINTC+0.8% canceled a $5.4 billion acquisitiondeal with Israel-based Tower Semiconductor after failing to reacha required agreement with Chinese regulators. China is one ofIntel’s most significant markets.The latest salvo in a months-long series of hostilities, thisBETA
cancellation marks a continuation of China’s unrelenting tacticsin its chip war with the US and its allies. On July 3, Beijingdeclared a license requirement for exporters of gallium andgermanium—rare-earth metals used in the manufacture ofsemiconductor technologies, including computer chips, spysatellites, and artificial intelligence. The rare-earths mandatefired back at the Biden administration’s mounting restrictions onmicrochip exports to China.The chip war largely stems from the US’ concerns regardingChina’s use of semiconductor technology in its military. In 2022,President Xi Jinping introduced his vision for the establishmentof a “world-class” Chinese military. According to the 2022 ChinaMilitary Power Report, Beijing aims to develop advanced dual-use technologies that could potentially surpass Washington’s.While the full extent of China’s military capacity is still unclear,its technological prowess positions it as a force to be reckonedwith—TOP500, a ranking of the world’s 500 most powerfulsupercomputers, notes that while the US ranks number one with150 supercomputers, China closely trails behind with 134.BETA
Countries’ System Share of the World’s Top 500 Supercomputers. (2023, June). …[+]TOP 500However, China’s military industry possesses one criticalweakness: foreign technology inputs, including microchipexports, underlie most of its cutting-edge applications. A 2022Stimson Center report found that China produced a mere 5.9% ofthe semiconductors it used in 2020, while a separate CSIS reportfound that China imported $350 billion worth of semiconductorsin 2020—more than the total value of its crude oil imports. In2021, China was the world’s largest consumer of semiconductormanufacturing equipment, accounting for 26% of global demand.MORE FROMFORBES ADVISORBest Travel Insurance CompaniesByAmy DaniseEditorBest Covid-19 Travel Insurance PlansByAmy DaniseEditorSeeking to de-risk its relationship with China, the US governmentBETA
has instituted various microchip export restrictions that havekept Beijing’s rapid technological development in check. InOctober 2022, Biden imposed an export license requirement thatcurtailed China’s access to semiconductor technologies producedby US companies. Biden has since convinced other global playersto follow suit. Namely, in July 2023, Japan officially banned thesale of 23 types of semiconductor equipment to China. Japan’srestrictions are far more extensive than the US’, hinderingChina’s production of advanced chips as well as basic chips usedin technologies such as cars and smartphones.Investing Digest: Know what’s moving the financial markets andwhat smart money is buying with Forbes Investing Digest.Sign UpBy signing up, you accept and agree to our Terms of Service (including the class action waiver andarbitration provisions), and Privacy Statement.Furthermore, on September 1, the Netherlands StandingCommittee on Foreign Trade and Development Cooperationannounced it is set to begin curbing its semiconductor technologyexports to China. This new regulation would prevent the DutchASML from exporting advanced chip manufacturing technologieswithout obtaining government-approved licenses beforehandreported the Nikkei Asia. As the Guardian reported, ASMLcurrently produces the most cutting-edge photolithographyscanner equipment, which is essential to the fabrication ofmicrocircuits used in high-performance computing devices.BETA
rawpixel.com / U.S. Department of Energy (Source) | RawpixelUS DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYThese export controls have compelled Beijing to take retaliatoryaction. Earlier this year, China’s government banned the importof chips made by the US corporation Micron and imposed tradeand investment sanctions on Raytheon Technologies andLockheed MartinLMT+0.3%. China’s latest regulation on galliumand germanium exports serves as a direct counterattack to theUS’ global partners. Data suggest that, in 2022, Japan and theNetherlands were among the top importers of China’s galliumproducts.Nevertheless, this regulation may not necessarily have severeimpacts in the long run. Even before Beijing instituted theregulation, an extensive smuggling network existed for rare-earthmetals. In 2009, Sohu reported that smuggling accounted for40% of China’s overseas exports, and, at its peak, the size of therare-earth black market may have been close to half of alltransactions. China’s crackdown efforts over the past decade havebeen ineffective: In 2014, smugglers allegedly exported as manyBETA
as 40,000 tons of rare-earth metals out of the nation per aReuters report. Considering China’s historical inability to controlsmuggling, it is likely that illicit sales will intensify in the comingyears as the market supply of gallium and germanium diminishes.Besides smuggling, increased import diversification may alsolimit the effectiveness of China’s new export controls. Japan has,in fact, already taken steps to minimize the impact of China’ssanctions, having reached rare-earth development agreementswith Australia, Mongolia, and Vietnam. And although importdiversification poses time and monetary constraints, a unitedeffort spearheaded by a coalition of countries could mark atipping point in the future of the rare-earths market.While China’s rare-earths controls may ultimately backfire, theUS’ chip regulations may have unforeseen consequences, too. Leftwithout foreign technological support, Chinese companies mustcome together and develop breakthrough approaches tosemiconductor manufacturing. Biden’s sanctions may end upspurring long-term growth in China’s technology sector.Other countries may experience ramifications as well. The faileddeal between Intel and the Chinese government will hamperIsrael’s chip manufacturing capacity. Additionally, with “FitchRating Analysts noting, “China producing 40% of Samsung’smemory chips and 40–50% of SK Hynix’s, South Korea’s chipgiants may encounter supply shortages in the wake of the recentexport restrictions.” The implications are more severe for Taiwan.A recent New York TimesNYT+0.3% Magazine story explained howthe country produces more than 90% of the world’s mostadvanced microchips, posing a potential risk of military conflictshould the chip war prompt China to take the offensive in thedistant—but not imminent—future. However, former nationalBETA
security advisor Robert O’Brien posits the US would destroyTaiwan’s semiconductor factories rather than let them fall intoChina’s hands in the event of an impending invasion. The chipwar has further cornered Taiwan into an uncomfortable positionin the evolving geopolitical landscape.The past few months have given way to myriad uncertainties vis-à-vis the semiconductor industry and the U.S. government’s rolein technological development. Yet, one insight is clear: The chipwar is an issue that affects the global community, not just the USand China. Should tensions continue to escalate, the chip warcould very well extend beyond semiconductors to industries likeelectric-vehicle technologies, wherein China has the upper edge.Thus, both countries must think twice before introducing furtherrestrictions that may have much broader implications thanintended. The future of high tech is at stake.rawpixel.com / U.S. Department of Agriculture (Source) USDA | RawpixelUS DEPARTMENTOF AGRICULTURESpecial thanks to Mr. Jeffrey Xu for the exceptional editorialOne Community. Many Voices. Create afree account to share your thoughts. ReadJoin Our ConversationBETA
edits, content, research, and quantitative graphs that he provided.Jeffrey Xu is a Summer Analyst at CJPA Global Advisors and is arising first-year student at Princeton University.Follow me on Twitter or LinkedIn. Check out my website. Earl CarrEarl Carr is Founder and Chief Executive Of�cer at CJPA Global Advisors,based in New York. With 25+years of experience, he manages amultidisciplinary team of global… Read MoreFollowADVERTISEMENTEditorial StandardsReprints & Permissionsour community guidelines hereLog inCommenting as GuestBe the �rst to comment…No one seems to haveshared their thoughts onthis topic yetLeave a comment so yourvoice will be heard first.Powered byTerms|Privacy|FeedbackBETA
Collepals.com Plagiarism Free Papers
Are you looking for custom essay writing service or even dissertation writing services? Just request for our write my paper service, and we'll match you with the best essay writer in your subject! With an exceptional team of professional academic experts in a wide range of subjects, we can guarantee you an unrivaled quality of custom-written papers.
Get ZERO PLAGIARISM, HUMAN WRITTEN ESSAYS
Why Hire Collepals.com writers to do your paper?
Quality- We are experienced and have access to ample research materials.
We write plagiarism Free Content
Confidential- We never share or sell your personal information to third parties.
Support-Chat with us today! We are always waiting to answer all your questions.
