Why are scientific studies important?

Why are scientific studies important?

After watching the videos and reviewing the PowerPoint provided below, describe in at least 5-7 sentences why scientific studies are important and how they are distinct from casual observation.

NO PLAGIARISM

https://www.facebook.com/LastWeekTonight/videos/89…

Requirements: 5-7 sentences

Chapter 1 – Maxfield and Babbie

Two realitiesExperiential reality – reality we know because we’ve experienced itGoing on a roller coaster is exhilarating and scary (and might make you vomit)Being in a relationship can be fantastic and a lot of workAgreement reality – reality that is told to us and everyone seems to agree onIf you put your hand in fire, it will burn

Role of ScienceAssertions need to be both logical and empiricalLogical = makes senseEmpirical = has evidence to back it upPersonal Human InquiryCausal and probabilistic reasoningCausal = something will happen based on what is currently going onProbability = what is most likely to happen, even if not every timeTradition and authority○Tradition – what we all know – what is passed down○Authority – believe it because of the sourceMe = “physical violence is not a solution”MLK, JR. = “physical violence is not a solution”

Errors in Personal InquiryInaccurate ObservationRecalling things incorrectlyOvergeneralizationIndicating there are patterns from a small number of observationsSelective ObservationSeeing the pattern you want to seeIllogical ReasoningFaulty reasoning (Ex. Gambler’s Fallacy)Ideology and PoliticsRelying on your beliefs over the evidence

Foundations of social science3 components to scientific inquiry:TheoryData collectionData analysis

Foundations of social scienceTheory: “A systematic explanation for the observed facts and laws that relate to a particular aspect of life”Proposition explaining the relationship between concepts (ex. juvenile delinquency and child abuse)Developed idea○Hypothesis: A statement specifying a discrete relationship between two variablesRegularities – patterns between variablesAggregates – Groups – interested in societyVariables – research term for concept (mental image representing characteristics of life)Attributes – broken down representation of variableDependent and Independent variables○Dependent = variable we are interested in observing○Independent = variable that has influence on Dependent

Dependent and Independent variables – Let’s identify…Bullying affects the learning of school-age childrenFrequent viewing of horror movies will desensitize a person to real violence.Taking classes in yoga will decrease one’s level of stress.Juvenile delinquency will be more likely in those who have experienced child abuse.

Purposes of ResearchExplorationDescriptionExplanationApplicationAvenues for InquiryInductive and deductive reasoning (different routes to come to a conclusion)Inductive = specific to general (observations to pattern)Deductive = general to specific (pattern to observations)Quantitative and qualitative

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