Difference between Manoxylic wood and Pycnoxylic wood

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Difference between Manoxylic wood and Pycnoxylic wood

Wood of Gymnosperms are classified into manoxylic or pycnoylic. This classification is based on the amount of xylem cells in the wood.

Manoxylic wood:

It is the non-compact wood with large amount of parenchyma, large pith and cortex mixed with less amount of xylem tracheids or wood.

-Parenchyma cells are filled with starch grains

-Not important commercially as wood is not durable

-In Cycas

Pycnoxylic wood:

It is the compact strong wood with large amount of xylem tracheids or wood and small amount of cortex and pith with little Parenchyma.

-Durable and yields timber

-In Pinus

Difference between Sap wood and Heart wood (Alburnum vs Duramen)

Sap wood is the functional, conducting part of the wood whereas heart wood is the non functional, non conducting part of the wood.  

Definition – Sap wood and Heart wood

Definition Sap wood:  Light coloured outer region of secondary wood performing the function of conduction of sap. Sap wood is also known as Alburnum

Definition Heart wood: Hard and dark coloured central region of secondary wood, which is unable to conduct the sap. Heart wood is also known as Duramen.

Sap wood vs Heart wood (Alburnum vs Duramen)

Sap wood

1. The outer region of the old trees forms the sap wood

2. It is also called as alburnum

3. it is soft and not durable

4. It is light coloured and formed of living cells

5. Vessels are not blocked by tyloses

6. The function of this region is conduction of water and nutrients and also storage of food

Heartwood

1. The central region of the old trees forms the Heart wood

2. It is also called as duramen

3. it is hard and durable

4. It is dark coloured due to the deposition of various substances

5. Vessels are blocked by tyloses with various deposits

6. The function of this region is mechanical support

Difference between Hard wood and Soft wood

Hard wood and soft wood is a misnomer as the terms do not actually mean the softness or hardness of wood.

The wood produced by angiosperms is called hard wood. It is composed mainly of vessels and is also called porous wood. The wood produced by gymnosperm is called softwood. It is composed mainly of tracheids and is known as non-porous wood. 

Soft wood vs Hard wood

Difference between Spring wood and Autumn wood

The activity of the cambium ring is influenced by the climatic charges. Reactivation of the cambium takes place during spring season.  The cambium becomes more active during this season and forms plenty of xylem vessels with wider cavities known as spring wood. It is also known as early wood.  In winter, however, the cambial activity slows down and gives rise to narrower xylem elements. The wood thus formed in winter is called autumn wood. It is also known as late wood.

Spring Wood vs Autumn Wood

Difference between Compression Wood and Tension Wood

Environmental factors like wind, gravity may induce production of wood with special features, properties or growth patterns. The wood thus formed on leaning trunks or branches by the environmental stress is called as reaction wood.

Reaction wood are of 2 types

1. Compression wood

2. Tension wood

1. Compression wood:

1. It is the reaction wood of conifers which develops on the lower side of leaning trunk or branch

2. It is formed by the increases cambial activity on the lower side of the branch

3. It is 15-40% heavier than the normal wood and is rich in lignin

4. Formed in conifers like Pinus

2. Tension wood:

1. It is the reaction wood of dicots which develops on the upper side of leaning trunk or branch

2. It is formed by the increases cambial activity on the upper side of the branch

3. It is rich in cellulose and gelatinous fibres

4. Formed in dicots like Mango tree, Acacia etc

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