What is the phenomenon of interest?

Respond to two of your colleagues’ posts and provide additional insight as to what other opportunities your colleague might want to explore further in their research.

Return to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting. Then, repost under your first post your reflections on your choice of topic. Would you like to adjust, re-direct, or start over?

LARITA

What is the phenomenon of interest?

· To explore the lived experiences of women veterans with dual diagnosis of PTSD and SUD to identify factors that contribute to the relapse and develop interventions that can reduce relapse rate. The comorbid presentation of PTSD and SUDs is remarkably common, and in comparison, to patients presenting with either PTSD or SUD alone, PTSD/SUD patients often report greater functional impairment and experience poorer treatment outcomes –including treatment failure and dropout (McCauley, et al., 2012).

What experiences or contextual issues might influence how this phenomenon could be studied?

· There are several psychosocial factors that contribute to the relapse of women veterans with dual diagnosis of PTSD and SUD. Some of the noted factors, also identified from personal experience, is the belief of ability of or inability to control urges, feeling that using helps to decrease anxiety/stress, increases sociability, removes emotion/feelings from thoughts and behaviors, lack of motivation, inability to use coping skills or believe that change can happen.

In what setting(s) could a topic like this be explored?

· Focus groups are group interviews that will allow participants to share their experiences and perspectives with one another.

What connection do you have to this topic, and why do you think it is important to explore this as a qualitative study?

· Self-Disclosure: I am a woman veteran who has dual diagnosis of PTSD and SUD (alcoholism) and understand that recovery and relapse is a process. Each day can come with a different set of challenges. Qualitative research is particularly useful for exploring complex phenomena such as the lived experiences of women veterans with dual diagnosis of PTSD and SUD. It allows the research to gain a more in-depth understanding of the experiences and perspectives of participants.

What possibilities could the results of this research have for social change?

· The research could help identify the factors that contribute to relapse and help develop effective interventions for women veterans with dual diagnosis of PTSD and SUD. It could also help raise awareness about the challenges faced by women veterans with dual diagnosis of PTSD and SUD and help reduce stigma associated with mental health issues.

Reference

McCauley, J. L., Killeen, T., Gros, D. F., Brady, K. T., & Back, S. E. (2012). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorders: Advances in Assessment and Treatment.  Clinical psychology: a publication of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association.

CRYSTAL

The study topic focuses on the significance of why foster parents should be required to participate in therapy to increase emotional regulations within themselves and decrease the possibility of mental health disorders due to working with youth with severe trauma histories. Working in foster care, this is a problem because many placements are disrupted, not because of what is considered an immediate crisis (fighting, self-harming), but a crisis that is emotional in nature. Research shows that caregivers and mental health workers are at risk for burnout, secondary trauma, and compassion fatigue (Carew, 2016).

Experiences or contextual issues that might influence how the phenomena is studied would be concerns around confidentiality. Some parents may not be honest enough to say they struggle with emotional regulation, and that they may have been the cause for placement disruption. Therapy offices and foster homes would be the ideal settings. According to McNeil et al., (2005), Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an empirically supported, parent-training program designed to teach parents specific techniques to manage the behavior of children exhibiting extreme disruptive behavior. After the techniques are taught, the researcher could observe parents as they apply the techniques. This would give the researcher the opportunity to record the child’s response to the parent and the parents’ reaction. The researcher would do the same in the foster home.

I work for a therapeutic foster care agency. My job is to recruit foster parents and train them to meet state requirements. The classes taken are trauma informed, but I observe that the material may not be understood because there are rarely questions asked during trainings to help further understanding, and we still have placement disruptions issues. Parents are closing their homes and blaming the children for their decision to close. When self-care and self-awareness conversations are held with some parents, they feel we are blaming them. Qualitative research would be the ideal methodology because the researcher would be observing the parent in therapy training and their homes, their natural environment. I believe the possibility for social change is great because it could lead to therapy being required for all foster parents. This would likely decrease placement disruptions and increase foster parents’ ability to practice self-awareness and engage more in self-care activities. 

Carew, N. M. (2016). Secondary traumatic stress and the foster parenting experience: Exploring factors associated with the prevalence of secondary traumatic stress in foster parents caring for children who have experienced trauma. Michigan State University.

McNeil, C. B., Herschell, A. D., Gurwitch, R. H., & Clemens-Mowrer, L. (2005). Training foster parents in parent-child interaction therapy. Education and Treatment of Children, 182-196.

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