Describe and illustrate a historical example occurring in the U.S. between colonial times to WWII that demonstrates the development of dominant-minority relations for TWO different disadvantaged groups (Native Americans and African Americans) (groups may include those based on race, gender, ethnicity, class, country of origin, religion, or another status relevant to stratification). You must integrate the course materials.
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PowerPoint presentation- Analyze the dominant minority relations for two disadvantaged groups (Native Americans and African Americans) during colonial times and during WWII. Discuss the relationship and how the disadvantaged group dealt with either racism, discrimination or prejudice. Define and analyze sociological concepts and theories that pertain to these issues.
Instructions are below and I attached a word document for the course materials (content) and reading and resources.
Assignment One: Presentation – Analyzing Dominant-Minority Relations
Instructions
For this assignment, you will put together a presentation of 10-14 slides minimum (the cover and reference slides do not count). You may use a presentation program of your choices such as any of these which offer free use: Prezi, Powtoon, Adobe Spark, Google Slides, Canva, Visme, LibreOffice, SlideDog, HaikuDeck, or Powerpoint. Please attach, embed, or provide a link to your presentation to submit it for grading.
Your Presentation must do the following:
1) Describe and illustrate a historical example occurring in the U.S. between colonial times to WWII that demonstrates the development of dominant-minority relations for TWO different disadvantaged groups (Native Americans and African Americans) (groups may include those based on race, gender, ethnicity, class, country of origin, religion, or another status relevant to stratification). You must integrate the course materials.
2) Analyze ways in which the two disadvantaged groups you chose to cope with discrimination and prejudice today. For example, have they created anti-defamation leagues, lobbied for changes in laws, created a social movement, or taken other measures toward non-discrimination and equality? Please be specific. (You will need to research this information outside of the course materials; include at least 2 peer-reviewed journal articles that are five years old or less).
3) Define and analyze two concepts (for example racism, sexism, stratification, patriarchy, etc.) from our course materials, explaining how these concepts help us better understand the two groups you are discussing. You may find our Sociological Theories and Concepts Toolkit to be helpful (found in Announcements).
4) Define and analyze two sociological theories (for example, feminist theory, critical race theory, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, functionalist theory, etc.) from our course materials or outside scholarly sources, explaining how these theories help us better understand the two groups you are discussing. You may find our Sociological Theories and Concepts Toolkit to be helpful (found in Announcements).
The information presented should be in the form of short statements or bullet points. Do not include complete paragraphs. Most of the information presented should be in your own words/voice. Quotes are not graded. Your presentation should utilize sound critical thought and it should include appropriate APA in-text citations and full APA references at the end.
The structure of the presentation must include the following:
— TITLE SLIDE (1 slide minimum)
— BODY OF PRESENTATION WITH SUBHEADINGS (8 slides minimum; do not submit more than 12)
— REFERENCE SLIDE (1 slide minimum)
General requirements:
Use APA format for citations and references
View the grading rubric so you understand how you will be assessed on this Assignment.
Disclaimer- Originality of attachments will be verified by Turnitin. Both you and your instructor will receive the results.
This course has a “Resubmission” status enabled to help you if need to submit multiple documents as part of your Assignment. Resubmission of an Assignment after it is graded, to attempt a better grade, is not permitted.
Requirements: 10-14 Slides Minimum (the cover and reference slides do not count) + Write a Minimum of 100 words in each slide note section | .ppt file
Be sure to include an introduction with a clear thesis statement along with a conclusion
Please be sure to carefully follow the instructions
Please be sure to include in-text citations
Include at least 2 peer-reviewed journal articles that are five years old or less
Please be sure to include title, conclusion, and reference slides in the ppt
Please be sure to include a background and at least one image on each ppt slide whether its a photograph, statistic, graph, document etc.
Please use the 5×5 rule for the ppt slides
No plagiarism & No Course Hero & No Chegg. The assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool
Requirements: 10-14 Slides Minimum (the cover and reference slides do not count) + Write a Minimum of 100 words in each slide note section | .ppt file
OCI214 | LESSON 4 Learning Material
The Development of Dominant-Minority Group Relations in the U.S.
INTRODUCTION
Welcome to Week 4! This week we will cover quite a lot. Here is an idea of all we will discover!
This week we explore the historical development of dominant minority relations in the United States. Our examination of early relations centers around the concepts of the level of development (agrarian vs. industrial) of the overall society and the contact situation. We examine the construction of slavery for African Americans in the context of an agrarian subsistence technology, comparing the emergence of minority group status for Black Americans with that of American Indians and Mexican Americans. We will stress the importance of the original contact situation in shaping minority dominant relations.
LESSON TOPICS
The Development of Dominant-Minority Group Relations in the U.S.
Examination of Dominant-Minority Relations
Shifts in Dominant-Minority Relations
Significant Factors
Noel and Blauner Hypothesises
Systems of Differentials and Inequalities
KEY TERMS
Assimilation
Colonized
Conquered
Contact Situation
Dominant
Ethnocentrism
Gender Relations
Ideological Racism
Individual Prejudice
Industrialization
Inequality
Institutional Discrimination
Intergroup competition
Labor Supply Problem
Paternalistic Relations
Power
Subsistence Technology
Examination of Dominant-Minority Relations
DANIEL NOEL
ROBERT BLAUNER
Noel stresses the role of ethnocentrism, intergroup competition, and power.
Blauner focuses on the distinction between colonized or conquered minority groups and those created by immigration. The three groups we will examine became minority groups as a result of competition for land, labor, or both. Minority status was imposed by the superior power of the dominant group and all three groups were conquered or colonized. These features of the contact situation continue to affect group relations today.
Shifts in Dominant-Minority Group Relations
IMPACT OF SUBSISTENCE TECHNOLOGY
The nature of dominant-minority group relations at any point in time is largely a function of the characteristics of the society as a whole. As Lenski notes, the subsistence technology of a society acts as a foundation, shaping and affecting every other aspect of the social structure, including minority group relations.
Early 1800s
SUBSISTENCE TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
Industrialization provided consequences for immigration with the creation of new minority groups, and the shift from paternalistic to rigid competitive group relations for African Americans.
Mid 1800s
BLACK PROTEST MOVEMENT
A national black leadership developed and founded organizations that helped to lead the fight for freedom and equality following the Civil War.
Mid 1900s
SUBSISTENCE TECHNOLOGY AND POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
The late industrialization era shifted dominant-minority group relations from rigid to fluid competitive forms of group relations.
Significant Factors
CONTACT SITUATION
LABOR SUPPLY PROBLEM
The Contact Situation – the conditions under which groups first come together – is the single most significant factor in the creation of minority group status. The Contact Situation is the conditions under which groups first come into contact, determines the fate of the minority group and shape intergroup relations for many years to come.
The Labor Supply Problem is also significant.
Agriculture was labor intensive and depended almost entirely on human effort.
The plantation system, based on cultivating and exporting crops, developed as colonial society grew, but profit margins were small.
As the plantation system developed, the supply of indentured servants from the British Isles dwindled. Attempts to use American Indians failed–either due to their dwindling numbers or their ability to resist enslavement.
The slave trade from Africa to Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South America was able to expand to fill the needs of the British colonies.
Noel and Blauner Hypothesises
NOEL HYPOTHESIS
The Noel Hypothesis states that if two or more groups come together in a contact situation characterized by ethnocentrism, competition, and a differential in power, then some form of racial or ethnic stratification will result. Note that ethnocentrism is the tendency to judge other groups, societies, or lifestyles by the standards of one’s own culture.
Competition, the struggle for a scarce commodity, is also very important in our examination of differential power, or the unequal ability to achieve goals in the face of opposition, which depends on size, degree of organization, and resources.
The Noel hypothesis helps explain why colonists enslaved black Africans instead of white indentured servants of American Indians. All three groups were the objects of ethnocentric feelings on the part of the elite groups that dominated colonial society. Competition existed between colonists and all three groups. But, American Indian tribes were well-organized and able to resist colonists’ attacks. White indentured servants were preferred over black indentured servants and this gave them bargaining power. Africans, however, had become indentured by force and coercion and had no bargaining power. This differential in power between Africans and colonists explains why they were enslaved instead of the other groups
BLAUNER HYPOTHESIS
The Blauner Hypothesis identifies two different initial relationships–colonization and immigration–and hypothesizes that minority groups created by colonization will experience more intense prejudice, racism, and discrimination, and experience this disadvantage longer, than those created by immigration.
Systems of Differentials and Inequalities
PATERNALISTIC RELATIONS
Paternalistic relations, or paternalism, includes: vast power differentials and inequalities between dominant and minority groups, elaborate and repressive systems of control over the minority group, castelike barriers between groups, elaborate and highly stylized codes of behavior and communication between groups, and low rates of overt conflict.
DIMENSIONS OF MINORITY GROUP STATUS
POWER
A key feature of paternalism – vast power differentials between dominant and minority groups.
INEQUALITY
Another key feature of paternalistic relations is huge inequalities between the dominant and minority groups.
INSTITUTIONAL DISCRIMINATION
The unjust and discriminatory mistreatment of individuals or groups by society and its institutions as a whole.
NDIVIDUAL PREJUDICE
The unjustified or incorrect (usually negative) attitude towards and individual based on the individual’s social group.
IDEOLOGICAL RACISM
Ideological racism is associated with the dominant group’s discriminatory attitude toward the minority group.
ASSIMILATION
Assimilation is also important to consider. Debates about the impact of slavery continue today, but it is clear that African Americans were extensively and coercively acculturated. African Americans were a colonized group with little choice but to adjust to the conditions established by the traditional elite. Black slaves developed new cultural forms and social relationships within the confines that affected them.
GENDER RELATIONS
Gender relations are also important. Note that both whites and blacks and members of various classes were stratified also by gender. White women were subordinate to white men. African American women were at the bottom of the hierarchy based on their minority status as slaves and as women. The system of gender relations affected women slaves differently from men slaves. Women slaves were raped and otherwise abused by white men in the dominant group.
Conclusion
Social change and minority group activism is a hot topic today as well. For example, the changes in the situation of African Americans and other minority groups did not “just happen” as society modernized. Although the opportunity to pursue favorable change was the result of broad structural changes in American society, the realization of these opportunities came from the efforts of the many who gave their time, their voices, their resources, and sometimes their lives in pursuit of racial justice in America.
References (for learning material)
Healey, J.F. (2014). Race, ethnicity, gender, and class: Interactive eBook – The sociology of group conflict and change (6e media edition). Los Angeles, CA: Sage
Reading and Resources
Recognizing Race and Ethnicity: Power, Privilege, and Inequality
By Kathleen J. Fitzgerald CH. 8 Economic Inequality and the role of the State (has a lot of great info on the topic. Use as a 1 of the references in PowerPoint presentation.
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