Summarize the main ideas of The Federal Government Should Regulate Trusts and The Federal Government Should Oppose Trusts.
Read Chapter 18 from Give Me Liberty. (You can also go to American YawpLinks to an external site. and read Chapters 20)
Read Viewpoints 12A and 12B under the Progressive Era Reforms and Issues. The Federal Government Should Regulate Trusts and The Federal Government Should Oppose Trusts. Check the Files to access and download the Viewpoints reading labeled Viewpoints – Progressive Era or click here to access: Viewpoints – Progressive Era – Trusts.pdfDownload Viewpoints – Progressive Era – Trusts.pdf
Here is a sample Viewpoints Interpretation assignment to serve as a model to complete the assignment: Viewpoints Interpretation Sample.docx
In your submitted free response, complete each of the following:
Summarize the main ideas of The Federal Government Should Regulate Trusts and The Federal Government Should Oppose Trusts. In addition, briefly describe the main historical differences between the two excerpts.
For The Federal Government Should Regulate Trusts, briefly identify and explain ONE piece of relevant historical evidence (from your chapter text readings; not explicitly mentioned in the Viewpoints) that supports the main ideas.
For The Federal Government Should Oppose Trusts, briefly identify and explain ONE piece of relevant historical evidence (from your chapter text readings; not explicitly mentioned in the Viewpoints) that supports the main ideas.
Requirements: minimum 250 words
This is a sample Viewpoints Interpretation assignment. It involved reading Racial Segregation is Constitution and Racial Segregation is Unconstitutional and the relevant Give Me Liberty (or American Yawp) chapter(s). Use the sample as a model to complete individual assignments.
Summarize the main ideas of Racial Segregation is Constitutional and Racial Segregation is Unconstitutional. In addition, briefly describe the main historical differences between the two excerpts.
Justice Henry Brown ruled segregation was constitutional in his majority opinion in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. He addressed the constitutionality of a Louisiana law separating railcar passengers based on race. In the question of whether the law violated the Thirteenth Amendment, Justice Brown argued the law distinguishing the races does not impose a degree of involuntary servitude or slavery. In regards to the claim the law violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, Justice Brown disagreed. He acknowledge the Amendment’s intent to establish political equality between the races. However, the separation of the races was within the police power of the states as a means to preserve social order. Separating the races did not imply a sense of racial superiority or inferiority. While the Constitution is empowered to ensure political equality, it is powerless to enforce social equality. Justice John Marshall Harlan responded to the majority ruling with a dissenting opinion. He acknowledged the Thirteenth Amendment did more than prohibit slavery and that it should also be applied to prohibit aspects that contributed to the imposition of racial enslavement. He strongly disagreed with the majority opinion’s reasoning on the Fourteenth Amendment. According to Justice Harlan, the Louisiana law violated the Equal Protection Clause. He reasoned all citizens are equal before the law and the Constitution is “color-blind” and does not recognize or establish any dominant class of citizens. He claimed the segregation laws imposed a badge of slavery and reinforced racial superiority.
For Racial Segregation is Constitutional, briefly identify and explain ONE piece of relevant historical evidence (from your readings) that supports the main ideas.
While the Fifteenth Amendment prohibited the denial of the right to vote based on race, Southern Democratic leaders intended to prevent Black Southern citizens from exercising their right to vote through other legal means. Southern Democrats understood if Black citizens in their states voted it would undermine their efforts to return to political power after Reconstruction. Southern state legislatures enacted disenfranchisement laws as a barrier for Black Southerners to register to vote and cast their ballots. They instituted literacy tests, requiring eligible voters to prove their ability to read and understand the Constitution. Given the limited educational opportunities of formerly enslaved people, it became increasingly difficult to vote. State legislatures enacted poll taxes, requiring eligible voters to pay a fixed sum prior to voting. As Black Southerners had limited financial means prior to abolition and many entered into debt contracts such as sharecropping, they could not afford to exercise their right to vote. In addition, Southern state legislatures enacted grandfather clauses. They exempted eligible voters from requirements such as poll taxes if they could prove their grandfathers possessed the right to vote or could vote prior to the enactment of the disenfranchisement laws. Grandfather clauses further excluded Black Southern citizens from exercising their right to vote since their ancestors were in bondage and prohibited from voting.
For Racial Segregation is Unconstitutional, briefly identify and explain ONE piece of relevant historical evidence (from your readings) that supports the main ideas.
Booker T. Washington became a leading activist for civil rights for Black Americans during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Despite being born in bondage in Virginia, Washington overcame the struggles through his determination to learn. He successfully enrolled and completed his college education inspiring him to establish the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. He managed the school through its efforts to provide industrial education and vocational training for Black students as a means to become economically successful. In his Atlanta Compromise speech in 1895, Washington argued for a more conciliatory position in the efforts for racial equality. He believed Black Americans should focus their activism in securing equal economic and educational opportunities. By demonstrating abilities for mutual progress between the races, it could prove to White Southern leaders to consider social equality and full recognition and enforcement of civil rights, potentially ending Jim Crow and disenfranchisement laws targeting Black citizens.
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