What is the best way to prepare to write a professional email to your supervisor that you are quitting a job? include communication vocabulary 150 or more words?Chapter3Bus.Communicat
What is the best way to prepare to write a professional email to your supervisor that you are quitting a job?
include communication vocabulary
150 or more words
Ch. 3, Slide 1
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Ch. 3, Slide 2
Learning Outcome 1
Understand the powerful effects of globalization and the major trends fueling it.
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Ch. 3, Slide 3
Markets Go Global
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Mergers, acquisitions, and buyouts stir growth beyond national boundaries.
American companies in global markets must adapt to other cultures.
Increasingly even many home-grown businesses are controlled by global enterprises.
Ch. 3, Slide 4
Trends Fueling Globalization
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Stagnating or declining domestic markets
Favorable trade agreements and removal of trade barriers
Growing middle classes in emerging economies
Advancements in transportation and logistics
Information and communication technology breakthroughs
Ch. 3, Slide 5
Domestic Workforce Is
Increasingly Diverse
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Immigration makes intercultural communication increasingly necessary.
Business communicators must learn to adapt to an intercultural workforce and multinational companies.
Characteristics of Culture
Ch. 3, Slide 7
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Culture is learned.
Cultures are inherently logical.
Culture is the basis of self-identity and community.
Culture combines the visible and invisible.
Culture is dynamic.
Ch. 3, Slide 8
Dimensions of Culture
High and low context
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Individualism and collectivism
Time orientation
Power distance
Communication
style
Ch. 3, Slide 9
High and Low Context
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Low-context cultures
High-context cultures
Tend to be logical, linear and action oriented
Favor explicit messages that they consider to be objective, professional,
and efficient
Tend to be relational, collectivist, intuitive, and contemplative
Leave much unsaid and transmit communication cues by posture, voice inflection, gestures, and facial expression
Ch. 3, Slide 10
Individualism and Collectivism
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Low-context cultures
High-context cultures
Tend to prefer initiative, self-assertion, and personal achievement
Believe in individual action and personal responsibility
Desire a large degree of freedom in their
personal lives
Tend to prefer group values, duties, and decisions
Emphasize membership in organizations, groups, and teams
Encourage acceptance of group values, duties, and decisions
Ch. 3, Slide 11
Time Orientation
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Time is precious to North Americans.
Time correlates with productivity, efficiency, and money.
Time is seen as unlimited and never-ending in some cultures.
South Americans have a more relaxed concept of time.
Ch. 3, Slide 12
Power Distance
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Hofstede’s Power Distance Index compares societies based on how far the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept an unequal distribution of power.
Ch. 3, Slide 13
Power Distance
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High power distance countries
Low power distance countries
Subordinates expect formal hierarchies and embrace relatively authoritarian, paternalistic power relationships.
Subordinates consider themselves as equals of their supervisors.
Relationships between individuals of varying power tend to be more democratic, egalitarian, and informal.
Ch. 3, Slide 14
Communication Style
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Low-context cultures
High-context cultures
Emphasize words, directness, and openness; people tend to be informal, impatient, and literal.
Rely on nonverbal cues and the total picture to communicate; meanings are embedded at many sociocultural levels.
Ch. 3, Slide 15
Characteristics of High-Context and
Low-Context Cultures
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Japanese
Arab
Latin American
Spanish
English
Italian
French
North American
Scandinavian
German
Swiss
High Context
Low Context
High-Context Cultures
Relational
Collectivist
Intuitive
Contemplative
Low-Context Cultures
Logical
Linear
Individualistic
Action-oriented
Ch. 3, Slide 16
Proverbs Reflect Culture
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
He who holds the gold makes the rules.
Waste not, want not.
U.S. Proverbs
The early bird gets the worm.
If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.
Ch. 3, Slide 17
Proverbs Reflect Culture
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
A man who waits for a roast duck to fly into his mouth must wait a very, very long time.
Chinese Proverbs
A man who says it cannot be done should not interrupt a man doing it.
Ch. 3, Slide 18
Proverbs Reflect Culture
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Other Proverbs
No one is either rich or poor who has not helped himself to be so.
(German)
Words do not make flour.
(Italian)
Wealth that comes in at the door unjustly goes out at the windows.
(Egyptian)
Ch. 3, Slide 19
Learning Outcome 3
Discuss strategies for enhancing intercultural effectiveness, reflect on nonverbal intercultural communication, assess how social media affect intercultural communication, and apply techniques for successful oral and written interactions across cultures.
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Ch. 3, Slide 20
Strategies for Improving Your Intercultural Effectiveness
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Building cultural self-awareness
Curbing ethnocentrism
Understanding generalizations and stereotyping
Being open-minded
Saving face
Ch. 3, Slide 21
How We Form Judgments
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Stereotype
Oversimplified behavioral pattern applied uncritically to groups
Negative!
Ch. 3, Slide 22
How We Form Judgments
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Prejudice
Rigid attitude based on erroneous beliefs
or preconceptions
Negative!
Ch. 3, Slide 23
How We Form Judgments
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Prototype
Mental representation based on characteristics that are flexible and open to new definitions
Positive!
Ch. 3, Slide 24
How We Form Judgments
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Question 1:
Why is it important to make generalizations in describing cultural prototypes?
Ch. 3, Slide 25
How We Form Judgments
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Question 2:
Are all generalizations invalid?
Ch. 3, Slide 26
Successful Nonverbal
Intercultural Communication
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Deciphering nonverbal messages is even more difficult when cultures differ.
Although nonverbal behavior is problematic between cultures, it conveys meaning.
Gestures can create very different reactions in different cultures; be careful in using and interpreting them.
Ch. 3, Slide 27
Techniques for Achieving
Intercultural Competence
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Descriptiveness: Giving descriptive feedback instead of judgmental feedback
Nonjudgmentalism: Being tolerant, which helps prevent defensive reactions
Supportiveness: Encouraging others with head nods, eye contact, and facial expressions
Ch. 3, Slide 28
How Technology and Social Media Affect Intercultural Communication
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Social media may potentially bridge cultural differences as well as reinforce them.
Global businesses adopt technology to a varying degree, revealing each culture’s values and norms.
The online environment may deepen feelings of isolation.
In real life as online, we gravitate toward people who seem like us.
Ch. 3, Slide 29
Social Networking: Erasing or Deepening Cultural Differences?
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Regional and cultural differences persist.
Media designers adapt to cultural preferences.
However, aside from language, regional differences on Facebook and Twitter seem minor.
Ch. 3, Slide 30
Improving Conversations in
Intercultural Environments
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Learn foreign phrases.
Use simple English.
Speak slowly and enunciate clearly.
Observe eye messages.
Encourage accurate feedback.
Ch. 3, Slide 31
Enhancing Intercultural Oral Communication
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Accept blame.
Listen without interrupting.
Smile when appropriate.
Follow up in writing.
Ch. 3, Slide 32
Improving Intercultural
Written Communication
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Adjust your writing style and tone.
Avoid humor to prevent
misunderstandings.
Use short sentences and short paragraphs.
Observe title and rank.
Ch. 3, Slide 33
Improving Intercultural
Written Communication
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
Avoid ambiguous expressions.
Strive for clarity.
Use correct grammar.
Cite numbers carefully.
Ch. 3, Slide 46
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
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