Explain the differences between the ethical standards for clients being treated by psychologists in counseling sessions and the standards for conducting psychological research with human participants.
Respond to the Classmate’s Discussion (below) to the above question as you would in a face-to-face class by stating why you agree as pertaining to the discussion and by probing questions. Your response posts need to be at least 200 words each. Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas.
Discussion 1 (Marchania) Hello everyone, Explain the differences between the ethical standards for clients being treated by psychologists in counseling sessions and the standards for conducting psychological research with human participants. The ethical standards for clients being treated by psychologists in counseling sessions stated by the APA (2017) set forth enforceable rules for conduct as a psychologist. As a psychologist, they have an obligation to uphold their role in a professional manner by providing the client with clarification of sessions, not engaging in sexual relationships with clients nor close relatives and informing clients of any interruptions of sessions. Psychologists also have an obligation in therapy roles to inform clients if they would potentially have to take on a conflicting role, like in a divorce proceeding after having been the family therapist. When it comes to doing psychological research with human participants the major difference includes having institutional approval for the research and must provide protection to participants from any adverse consequences (APA, 2017). Psychologists also avoid offering excessive or inappropriate financial inducements for participation that would coerce participation. It is the psychologist’s responsibility to debrief participants with results of the research and correct any misconceptions. Describe the parts of the Ethical Principles and Code of Conduct you expect to relate directly to your future career. Include the section numbers of the parts of the code you discuss. The parts of the Ethical Principles and Code of Conduct I expect to relate directly to my future career starts with code 3.10 Informed Consent which states that as a psychologist, conducting therapy, or counseling, I would need to obtain the informed consent of the individual(s) using language that is reasonably understandable. Section 4.01 will relate directly to my future career as it covers maintaining confidentiality. I would have an obligation to protect confidential information obtained and know that it may be regulated by law or established by institutional rules (APA,2017). Lastly, Section 10, therapy would relate directly to my future career as it provides all the obligations involved in holding therapy sessions. Select and provide the number for one ethical requirement that applies specifically to psychological research and briefly summarize the standard. 8.11 Plagiarism which describes that psychologists do not present portions of another’s work or data as their own, even if the other work or data source is cited occasionally (APA, 2017). This principle reiterates that citing and giving credit to the correct owner of the work is highly important and required throughout researchers’ work. Creswell & Creswell (2018) also gives an outline of conducting proper research and citation. Explain why this requirement may not apply to a therapy situation. This requirement may not apply to a therapy situation due to the fact it is for research purposes and the information at some point would be made public.
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Reference American Psychological Association. (2017, March). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct Links to an external site. (2002, amended effective June 1, 2010, and January 1, 2017). https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/indexLinks to an external site.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE.
Respond to the Classmate’s Discussion (below) to the above question as you would in a face-to-face class by stating why you agree as pertaining to the discussion and by probing questions. Your response posts need to be at least 200 words each. Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas.
Discussion 1 (Latacha )
The Differences
Though the code of conduct and ethical standards are similar in nature, there is a core difference. The code of conduct (standard of conduct) for psychologists in research settings with human participants speaks to a set of processes and procedures. Essentially, one can interpret them as a set of rules and behaviors related to how one conducts research, including informed consent, reporting results, and publication credit. Conversely, for psychologists in a counseling setting or session—ethical standards imply a moral code of conduct. There is an overarching code of conduct by which ethical standards emerge.
One Code Related to My Career
The section of Ethical Principles and Code of Conduct that will directly relate to my career is section 5.03. This section states that if one plans to conduct workshops, seminars, or other educational programs, the “educational objectives, the presenters, the fees, and the target audience” (American Psychological Association, 2017) to whom you are speaking is clearly defined. This section is relevant to my career because, as a consultant, coach, or helping practitioner, I will conduct workshops and educational programs for organizations engaged in community outreach. Full disclosure and consent are vital.
An Ethical Requirement in Psychological Research
Section 8.06 (a) of the Ethical Principles of Psychologist Code of Conduct states that psychologists should avoid participation through coercion by “offering excessive or inappropriate financial or other inducements for research participation” (American Psychological Association, 2017). This is significant because failing to acknowledge this section could skew research findings/results depending on the type of research, demographics, and the incentive amount. This question was posed in a research study
https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index
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https://uagc.instructure.com/courses/121367/users/151681
cited in the JAMA Journal of Medicine entitled, Effectiveness and Ethics of Incentives for Research Participation. According to the results of their study, in two trials, it was determined that “incentives did not act as undue or unjust inducements” (Halpern et al., 2021). However, I would argue that the financial incentives for participating in this trial were not excessive and could yield a different result if the incentives were.
Section 8.06 (a) in a Therapy Setting
Section 8.06 (a) of the Ethical Principles of Psychologist Code of Conduct is less relevant in a therapeutic setting because individuals who choose therapy are typically seeking help. It is need driven. The client/patient is engaging the psychologist for services. The psychologist is not asking the client/patient to participate in an experiment for research, so an inducement to participate is irrelevant.
References American Psychological Association. (2017, January). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Ethics. https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/indexLinks to an external site.
Halpern, S. D., Chowdhury, M., Bayes, B., Cooney, E., Hitsman, B. L., Schnoll, R. A., Lubitz, S. F., Reyes, C., Patel, M. S., Greysen, S. R., Mercede, A., Reale, C., Barg, F. K., Volpp, K. G., Karlawish, J., & Stephens-Shields, A. J. (2021). Effectiveness and Ethics of Incentives for Research Participation. JAMA Internal Medicine, 181(11), 1479- 1488. https://10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.5450
https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index
https://10.0.3.233/jamainternmed.2021.5450
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