Organizational threats and vulnerabilities

There are various cybersecurity areas of concern such as:
1.    Web Application Security
2.    Mobile Applications
3.    Software Development Lifecycle
4.    Input/Output Validation
5.    Authentication and Authorization
6.    Cryptography
7.    Session and Error Handling and Auditing
8.    Database Security
As a Senior Cybersecurity Analyst in a major organization such as The Bank of America financial institution, what would be the most important vulnerability and a threat to the organization?
Instructions please address the following: Discuss why the vulnerability/threat selection is relevant to the Bank of America institution
Discuss the measures you would take to mitigate this most important vulnerability and a threat to your organization.
Based on the well-known Linux toolkit, what tool(s) would be used to support the selected approach? For example, if Authentication and Authorization is the area of concern a Password tool like John the Ripper could support the concern.
Finally, how should these concerns be articulated to the CISO of the company for immediate action giving him/her examples from a recent threat (within the last year)?

The following sites may be of assistance:
    The CyberwireLinks to an external site.
    ThreatpostLinks to an external site.
    SC MagazineLinks to an external site.