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Module 4 Discussion

Etienne, Marth-Tonita St. Thomas University NUR 497: Cultural Impact in Healthcare Dr. Milien, Cassandre 4 April, 2023

Module 4 Discussion

An experiment is often considered to be a better method than an observational study to determine whether fruit consumption leads to reduced weight because it allows researchers to measure the effect of a specific variable on an outcome. In an experiment, researchers are able to manipulate the variable of interest (in this case, fruit consumption) and measure the changes in the outcome (in this case, weight loss). By manipulating the variable of interest, researchers can directly measure the effect of fruit consumption on weight loss. This is in contrast to an observational study, which is limited in its ability to measure the effect of a specific variable on an outcome because it is unable to manipulate the variable or even measure its effect on the outcome. In an experiment, researchers are able to control for other variables that may be influencing the outcome.

For example, in the study of fruit consumption and weight loss, a researcher may want to control for other variables such as exercise, diet, and lifestyle. By controlling for these other variables, the researcher can be sure that the effect of the variable of interest (fruit consumption) is the only factor influencing the outcome (weight loss). This is not possible in an observational study, as the researcher is unable to control for other variables (Cummings, 2020). An experiment also allows researchers to randomly assign subjects to different groups. For example, in the study of fruit consumption and weight loss, the researcher could randomly assign subjects to a control group that does not consume fruit, and an experimental group that does consume fruit. By randomizing the assignment to different groups, the researcher can be sure that any differences in the outcomes observed between the two groups are due to the variable of interest (fruit consumption). This is not possible in an observational study, where the subjects are not randomly assigned to different groups.

An experiment is better than an observational study because it allows researchers to measure the effect of a specific variable on an outcome with greater accuracy. This is because experiments are designed to eliminate as many sources of error as possible, and thus measure the effect of the variable of interest more precisely than an observational study. Overall, an experiment is often considered to be a better method than an observational study to determine whether fruit consumption leads to reduced weight because it allows researchers to manipulate the variable of interest, control for other variables, randomize the assignment to different groups, and measure the effect of the variable of interest more accurately.

References

Cummings, J. R., Gearhardt, A. N., Ray, L. A., Choi, A. K., & Tomiyama, A. J. (2020). Experimental and observational studies on alcohol use and dietary intake: a systematic review.  Obesity Reviews,  21(2), e12950.

Discussion #4

Yisel Mansilla

St. Thomas University

STA-2023-AP1

Dr.Freddy Suarez

April 6 ,2023

Why would an experiment be better than an observational study when investigating whether fruit consumption leads to reduce weight?

When it comes to investigating the relationship between fruit consumption and weight loss, researchers have two options: observational studies and experiments. Observational studies collect data by observing and measuring participants' behavior, diet, or other characteristics without intervening or controlling the variables under investigation. Experiments, on the other hand, involve manipulating specific variables and randomly assigning participants to different groups in order to observe the effect of the intervention (Klar, & Leeper, 2019).

For several reasons, an experiment would be preferable to an observational study when investigating whether fruit consumption leads to weight loss. To begin with, an experiment would allow researchers to manipulate the independent variable (fruit consumption) and randomly assign participants to groups, increasing the likelihood of establishing a causal relationship between fruit consumption and weight loss (Leppink, 2019). Confounding variables, which are factors that can affect both the independent and dependent variables, make it difficult to determine causation in observational studies. Second, an experiment would allow the researchers to control other factors that could affect weight loss, such as participants' levels of physical activity or calorie intake (Nayak, & Narayan, 2019). The researchers were able to determine the effect of fruit consumption more accurately on weight loss by controlling these variables. Third, an experiment would provide more accurate and reliable data because researchers would be able to precisely measure participants' fruit intake. Participants in an observational study may not accurately report their fruit intake, resulting in inaccurate data.

In conclusion, when investigating whether fruit consumption leads to weight loss, an experiment would be a better choice than an observational study because it would allow the researchers to manipulate the independent variable, control for confounding variables, and provide more accurate data.

Reference

Klar, S., & Leeper, T. J. (2019). Identities and intersectionality: a case for Purposive sampling in Survey‐Experimental research. Experimental methods in survey research: Techniques that combine random sampling with random assignment, 419-433.

Leppink, J. (2019). Statistical methods for experimental research in education and psychology. Cham: Springer.

Nayak, M. S. D. P., & Narayan, K. A. (2019). Strengths and weaknesses of online surveys. Technology, 6(7), 0837-2405053138.

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