Analyze the role of the individual in one’s discipline of study or chosen profession in an expanding global network Integrate interdisciplinary approaches for determining the effe

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3-2 Activity: Critical Analysis

Cole Staats

Southern New Hampshire University

IDS-401 Global Society

Amber Logan

March 19, 2023

3-2 Activity: Critical Analysis

There are four lenses in general education: the humanities, the natural and applied sciences, the social sciences, and history. These four lenses have different outlooks that help us study the world and improve our understanding of how people live and how we can improve our lives. They are also crucial to analyzing various events around the globe or programs within the academic field. The following paper will analyze income inequality through the social sciences lens to determine its effect on different institutions.

Income inequality is prevalent today, and understanding it is central to the social sciences. Income inequality is the uneven distribution of income throughout a population. It often goes hand in hand with wealth inequality – the uneven distribution of wealth in a community. The social sciences lens revolves around the relationship between individuals in societies. It looks at our social associations, relations, and communities. According to social sciences, income inequality is a result of stratification. Most societies are divided into social classes based on gender, socioeconomic status, and race. Stratification leads to income inequality when income is distributed according to the individual’s position in the social hierarchy. According to Nalani et al. (2021), social scientists can help reduce income inequality through research evidence.

Income inequality affects different institutions, including the economy, education, and community. For instance, income inequality boosts economic growth at low-income levels by expanding investment in physical capital. As income levels go up, physical capital becomes less important than human capital, and income inequality will impede economic growth by interfering with human capital accumulation (Shen &Zhao, 2022). Equally, income inequality can negatively impact education. It is also associated with higher rates of social and health problems, less happy people, and high poverty rates in the community.

As mentioned above, the topic that will be analyzed is income inequality. The question that needs to be asked about income inequality as it pertains to globalization is; how do high levels of income inequality discourage the accumulation of skills, stifle economic and social mobility, stunt human development, and, as a result, depress the economy? Analyzing income inequality at this level will provide the guidance needed to analyze this topic effectively and critically. According to Ratan et al. (2019), the question identifies the problem or issue to be studied and helps construct a logical argument. With that said, if a wealthy country were to increase its imports of manufactured goods produced largely by low-skilled labor from developing countries, this would reduce wage inequality there (Hauk, 2019). However, it improves prospects for exports from high-tech industries that rely heavily on highly skilled workers (Hauk, 2019).

Critical analysis of globalization comes with both positive and negative effects. Specifically, critical analysis lets us learn about globalization and its positive impact on people’s lives. Examples of the positive impact of globalization are access to new cultures, the spread of technology and innovation, higher standards of living across the globe, and access to new markets (Velocity Global, 2020). Nevertheless, a critical analysis of globalization may bring to light the challenges that affect globalization. Examples of the challenges of globalization are income inequality, immigration challenges, local job loss, increased competition, loss of cultural identity, and labor exploitation, causing people to oppose globalization (Velocity Global, 2020).

Globalization has significantly influenced social practices, including communication, governance, and cultural expression. Now we can easily connect and communicate with people in other countries. The internet, fiber optics, and satellites make it effortless to communicate with those in different locations and time zones. Equally, globalization has led to the spread of technologies, social networks, and ideas – all of which directly influence governance (Amavilah et al., 2017). Furthermore, globalization has led to the exchange of cultural values and traditions between different countries, changing how people express their traditional culture.

References

Amavilah, V., Asongu, S. A., & Andrés, A. R. (2017). Effects of globalization on peace and stability: Implications for governance and the knowledge economy of African countries.  Technological Forecasting and Social Change,  122, 91-103.

Hauk, W. R. (2019, January 30). Globalization and Inequality: Sharing Wealth One of Society’s Greatest Challenges. The Globe Post. Retrieved March 18, 2023, from https://theglobepost.com/2019/01/30/globalization-inequality/#:~:text=Globalization%20can%20increase%20wage%20inequality,use%20more%20high%2Dskilled%20labor.

Nalani, A., Yoshikawa, H., & Carter, P. L. (2021). Social science–based pathways to reduce social inequality in youth outcomes and opportunities at scale.  Socius,  7, 23780231211020236.

Ratan, S. K., Anand, T., & Ratan, J. (2019). Formulation of research question–Stepwise approach.  Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons,  24(1), 15.

Shen, C., Zhao, X. (2022). How does income inequality affect economic growth at different income levels? Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 36(1)

Velocity Global (2020, March 30). Globalization Benefits and Challenges. Velocity Global. Retrieved March 18, 2023, from https://velocityglobal.com/blog/globalization-benefits-and-challenges/

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2-2 Activity: Topic Introduction

Cole Staats

Southern New Hampshire University

IDS-401 Global Society

March 10, 2023

2-2 Activity: Topic Introduction

Income Inequality

Globalization is a new phenomenon that describes how nations can relate to one another. By definition, globalization is the increasing interconnection of populations, cultures, and economies across the world. It occurs through the movement of goods and services, technology, ideas, and information across national borders. Globalization provides access to new cultures. It also facilitates the spread of innovation and technology. Furthermore, globalization provides access to new markets and talent. Although globalization has facilitated free trade and made countries more interdependent, it has promoted income inequality among racial minority groups.

Inequality is a critical social issue in most societies. It is associated with various social and health problems today. Income inequality is the common form of inequality, which describes how income is unevenly distributed in a given society. Income inequality has risen since the seventies (Tica et al., 2022). In the past few decades, income inequality has increased in almost all nations, but its speed is dependent on economic policy and institutions. Income inequality is caused by different factors, including technological progress, racial segregation, government policies, and, most importantly, trade globalization. Trade has facilitated growth in most countries by enhancing efficiency and competitiveness. However, increased trade between countries, as well as increased financial flows, partly facilitated by advancements in technology, are often driving income inequality (Dabla-Norris et al., 2015). Offshoring and the ability of companies to use labor-saving technologies in advanced countries have been associated with increasing skill premiums and a decline in manufacturing. Increasing skill premium is linked to the widening income inequality in advanced countries.

In the United States, racial minority groups are directly affected by income inequality. The income disparity between African Americans and their white counterparts has been persistent and extreme for decades. But currently, income inequality is rising rapidly among American Asians. Reports show that labor income among lower-income Asians is trailing behind income earnings generated by their counterparts in other racial groups (Kochhar & Cilluffo, 2018). Increasing income inequality is a significant issue because of its economic and social effects. Individuals at the bottom rungs of the income ladder have fewer economic opportunities. Several research studies also reveal that rising income inequality can severely affect economic growth by decreasing consumption spending and increasing borrowing among lower- and middle-income individuals.

Society has significantly influenced income inequality. Most societies are organized by hierarchies of race, gender, and class. The social organization signals that resources and wealth are unjustly or unevenly distributed among individuals in modern society. This contributes to inequalities between genders, racial groups, and social classes in terms of income, wealth, and other factors.

There are four general education lenses: the humanities, history, the natural and applied sciences, and the social sciences. I will analyze my topic through the social science lens. Social science looks at the relationship between individuals in societies. It defines inequality as something not equal, particularly in opportunities, rights, and status. Social science research can play a critical part in identifying the origin, extent, and effect of inequalities, such as income inequality.

References

Dabla-Norris, E., Kochhar, K., Suphaphiphat, N., Ricka, F., & Tsounta, E. (2015). Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality: A Global Perspective (1st ed.). International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Staff-Discussion-Notes/Issues/2016/12/31/Causes-and-Consequences-of-Income-Inequality-A-Global-Perspective-42986

Kochhar, R., & Cilluffo, A. (2018, July 12). Income Inequality in the U.S. Is Rising Most Rapidly Among Asians. Pew Research Center. Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2018/07/12/income-inequality-in-the-u-s-is-rising-most-rapidly-among-asians/

Tica , J., Globan , T., & Arčabić, V. (2022). Managing the impact of globalization and technology on inequality. Economic Research-Ekonomska IstražIvanja, 35(1), 1035-1060. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.1952466

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4-2 Activity: Critical Analysis: Reimagine

Cole Staats

Southern New Hampshire University

IDS-401 Global Society

Amber Logan

March 26, 2023

4-2 Activity: Critical Analysis: Reimagine

Researching and writing about something can be a lot of fun, but it is important to note that not everybody will find the subject engaging. Today, people do not want to be enlightened or educated by reading something; they want to be engaged. In this paper, there will be an examination of the factors that might affect constructive engagement with income inequality and the possible barrier that could hinder that engagement. In addition, there will be approaches that are recommended for making use of critical analysis skills for the fulfillment of professional and personal goals.

Biases and beliefs could impact the topic of income inequality. By definition, biases are unfair prejudices or inclinations for or against a person or group. On the other hand, belief is the conviction or acceptance of the actuality or truth of some ideas. These factors might influence society’s engagement with income inequality. There is ample evidence that “individuals hold distorted beliefs about income inequality” (Cruces et al., 2013). Cruces et al. (2013) conducted a research study to examine how individuals form those beliefs and explore their “potential effect on preferences and biases for redistribution” (Abstract). Based on the research, systematic biases exist in how people perceive their income ranks: many poor people overestimate their income ranks. They underestimate the extent of income inequality and consider themselves somewhat richer than they actually are. These people tend to demand high levels of redistribution when informed of their actual income ranking. On the other hand, many wealthier people underestimate their rank. These factors may affect society’s perception of income inequality.

One major obstacle that could hinder people’s engagement with income inequality is ignorance. A growing body of evidence has shown income inequality is a widespread concern, affecting both emerging and developing economies (Dabla-Norris et al., 2015). Nevertheless, some people lack knowledge or information on income inequality, leading to low engagement.

Critical analysis can help me meet my personal and professional goals. I have developed different critical analysis skills, including research, curiosity, inference, identifying biases, and interpretation. Through these skills, I can effectively address the issue of income inequality without fallacies and cognitive biases. Besides, I can use critical analysis skills to handle the day-to-day responsibilities and problems as they come my way. Critical analysis skills give me greater clarity on the problems and information I process.

References

Cruces, G., Perez-Truglia, R., & Tetaz, M. (2013). Biased perceptions of income distribution and preferences for redistribution: Evidence from a survey experiment.  Journal of Public Economics,  98, 100-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2012.10.009

Dabla-Norris, M. E., Kochhar, M. K., Suphaphiphat, M. N., Ricka, M. F., & Tsounta, M. E. (2015).  Causes and consequences of income inequality: A global perspective. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved on March 25, 2023, form https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2015/sdn1513.pdf

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5-2 Activity: Refection: Self

Cole Staats

Southern New Hampshire University

IDS-401 Global Society

Amber Logan

April 2, 2023

5-2 Activity: Refection: Self

Self-reflection is an integral element of developing critical analysis skills. It entails students reflecting on their learning progress and assessing their work. By incorporating activities that require students to critically analyze and reflect on their work and progress, they can identify gaps in their skill set and knowledge and achieve deeper learning, improve metacognitive skills, and attain greater autonomy. The following paper will examine how critical analysis skills have affected my framework of perception, how examining my bias has influenced how I perceive the world, and how critical analysis skills can influence my professional or academic life.

I applied critical analysis skills to analyze the issue of income inequality in society. This has influenced how I perceive the community around me and the world at large. Now, I view the world as unfair and unjust. Reports show that the rich represent only 10 percent of the overall population but currently generate over 50 percent of income (Myers, 2021). On the other hand, people experiencing poverty represents 50 percent of the global population but generate only 8 percent of income (Myers, 2021). On average, a rich person will earn “122,100 U.S. dollars annually”, while a poor person will earn just “3,920 U.S. dollars annually” (Myers, 2021). “The gap is also wider when it comes to wealth” (Myers, 2021). The rich own over 70 percent of all wealth, while the poor “own just 2 percent” (Myers, 2021).

We all have biases. Having biases does not make us evil; not every bias is hurtful or harmful. My personal bias is that poverty results from personal failings. I believed that one's future is in their hands and if you have nothing then you have failed in life. Also, if you want a better income you will need to put the work in and earn it. With that said, during this process, I found that my bias was flawed due to a lack of information and education. Furthermore, my bias was based on a standard that everyone had the same chances I had but I was wrong to assume this. Being aware of our own biases can change our perceptions and make us gain the knowledge to make an educated decision. For instance, we can change how we view poverty and income inequality and help low-income individuals move up the economic ladder and, in turn, reduce the income gap between the rich and the poor.

Critically analyzing diversity and globalization will positively influence my professional life. Diversity is a range of individual characteristics, including race, ethnicity, gender, age, religion, cultural beliefs, and national origin. Diversity is vital in different settings, including work settings. Workplace diversity occurs when a company employs a workforce encompassing individuals with different characteristics (Vandenberg et al., 2022). In contrast, globalization happens when a company operates in several nations. Having a clear understanding of different cultures and nations will make me more sensitive to different cultural traditions and practices. This trait is essential in my future profession. Most companies require employees to work effectively with diverse teams. In other words, most companies today hire individuals who can work with people of other cultures and nations and be willing to travel internationally for business purposes.

References

Myers, J. (2021). These charts show the growing income inequality between the world's richest and poorest. World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/12/global-income-inequality-gap-report-rich-poor/#:~:text=Income%20and%20wealth%20inequalities%20significant&text=The%20richest%2010%25%20of%20the,half%20will%20earn%20just%20%243%2C920.

Vandenberg, A., Larrick, K., Gnuse, J., Ibrahim, S., & Folberg, A. (2022). Diversity in the Workplace: What Job Applicants Write and How Diversity Statements are Perceived. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/srcaf/2022/schedule/29/

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