Explain what speedballing is. -Explain how stimulant and depressant usage can negatively impact the health of women -Share 1 to 2 reasons why women engage in speedballing –

Chapter 13

Substance Abuse

Substance Abuse: What Is It, and Why Is It Important?

• Substance abuse: the overuse, misuse, or addiction to any chemical substance

• There are many forms of substance abuse, including the single greatest preventable cause of deaths in the United States.

Key Terms • Drugs • Recreational drugs • Drug misuse • Drug abuse • Psychological dependence • Tolerance

Drugs and the Law • The lines between drugs that are legal and illegal

can change. – Prohibition – LSD and heroin were developed for medical

use. – Marijuana is legal in four states and Washington

DC (plus more for medicinal purposes), but illegal at the federal level.

• Many legal drugs can still be harmful and easy to abuse (alcohol, tobacco, prescription drugs).

Effects of Drug Use • Physiological changes • Mental dependence • Conflicts in interpersonal relationships • Drug-related crime • Creation of treatment facilities • Loss of individual productivity • Care for children of drug-dependent parents • Policing of illicit drug availability • Treatment of medical complications

Substance Use and Abuse Sociocultural Dimensions Factors increasing likelihood of drug abuse • Significant life stressors • Sexual and physical abuse • Low self-esteem, self-deprecation, anxiety,

conflict • Lower socioeconomic status

Legal Dimensions • Illicit drug use disproportionately affects people of

color. • Hispanic and African American drug offenders have

a greater chance of being sentenced to prison than White offenders; African Americans also receive longer prison sentences than do White offenders.

• Compared to 40 years ago, nearly 10 times more women are currently incarcerated for drug use.

• Drug use during pregnancy: new laws focusing on punishment rather than treatment

Economic Dimensions: Illicit Drugs

• Illicit drug use causes about 50,000 deaths per year and costs $200 billion per year in the U.S. (includes direct and indirect effects).

• $26 billion per year in federal spending to prevent drug use, offer treatment services, fight drug trafficking, and improve drug enforcement and development in other countries

Economic Dimensions: Legal Drugs • Tobacco use causes about $200 billion in economic

damages every year (directly and indirectly) and about 440,000 deaths per year (9x deaths from illicit drugs).

• Pack-a-day smokers spend more than $1000 per year on cigarettes.

• Economic impact of alcohol abuse: $225 billion per year, mostly through lost productivity

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Smoking habits that start during teenage years often become

lifelong addictions.

Who Is Smoking? Most smokers begin their habits during high school, often before it is legal to do so.

Most smokers begin their habits during high school, often before it is legal to do so.

Data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR. (2010). Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance, United States, 2009. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss5905.pdf

Figure 13-2: Percentage of female high school students who smoke, by race and ethnicity, 1991-2013

Who Is Smoking?

Legal Dimensions of Tobacco Use Examples of smoking legislation • Taxes • Bans on marketing to youth • Tobacco product vending machine sales • Advertising and promotion Discuss: What are the short-term and long-term

goals of each of these efforts? What are the pros and cons for each?

Physiological effects of cigarette smoking Health Consequences

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy has serious consequences for a growing fetus.

Figure 13-3: Physiological effects of cigarette

smoking

U.S. Deaths (Male and Female) Attributable to Cigarette Smoking

Cigarette smoking is a major cause of heart disease, cancer (lung and others), and respiratory diseases.

Figure 13-4: Estimated annual deaths related to cigarette smoking among women and girls

Quitting Tobacco • Often the best decision a woman can make for

her health • Not easy, but it can be done (often on second,

third, or fourth attempt) • Many options available: nicotine replacement

therapy, medications, support groups, and therapy

• 1-800-QUIT-NOW for more resources

Chapter 13

Substance Abuse

Substance Abuse: What Is It, and Why Is It Important?

• Substance abuse: the overuse, misuse, or addiction to any chemical substance

• There are many forms of substance abuse, including the single greatest preventable cause of deaths in the United States.

Key Terms • Drugs • Recreational drugs • Drug misuse • Drug abuse • Psychological dependence • Tolerance

Drugs and the Law • The lines between drugs that are legal and illegal

can change. – Prohibition – LSD and heroin were developed for medical

use. – Marijuana is legal in four states and Washington

DC (plus more for medicinal purposes), but illegal at the federal level.

• Many legal drugs can still be harmful and easy to abuse (alcohol, tobacco, prescription drugs).

Effects of Drug Use • Physiological changes • Mental dependence • Conflicts in interpersonal relationships • Drug-related crime • Creation of treatment facilities • Loss of individual productivity • Care for children of drug-dependent parents • Policing of illicit drug availability • Treatment of medical complications

Substance Use and Abuse Sociocultural Dimensions Factors increasing likelihood of drug abuse • Significant life stressors • Sexual and physical abuse • Low self-esteem, self-deprecation, anxiety,

conflict • Lower socioeconomic status

Legal Dimensions • Illicit drug use disproportionately affects people of

color. • Hispanic and African American drug offenders have

a greater chance of being sentenced to prison than White offenders; African Americans also receive longer prison sentences than do White offenders.

• Compared to 40 years ago, nearly 10 times more women are currently incarcerated for drug use.

• Drug use during pregnancy: new laws focusing on punishment rather than treatment

Economic Dimensions: Illicit Drugs

• Illicit drug use causes about 50,000 deaths per year and costs $200 billion per year in the U.S. (includes direct and indirect effects).

• $26 billion per year in federal spending to prevent drug use, offer treatment services, fight drug trafficking, and improve drug enforcement and development in other countries

Economic Dimensions: Legal Drugs • Tobacco use causes about $200 billion in economic

damages every year (directly and indirectly) and about 440,000 deaths per year (9x deaths from illicit drugs).

• Pack-a-day smokers spend more than $1000 per year on cigarettes.

• Economic impact of alcohol abuse: $225 billion per year, mostly through lost productivity

© F

ra nc

is co

C ar

av an

a/ Sh

ut te

rs to

ck

Smoking habits that start during teenage years often become

lifelong addictions.

Who Is Smoking? Most smokers begin their habits during high school, often before it is legal to do so.

Most smokers begin their habits during high school, often before it is legal to do so.

Data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR. (2010). Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance, United States, 2009. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss5905.pdf

Figure 13-2: Percentage of female high school students who smoke, by race and ethnicity, 1991-2013

Who Is Smoking?

Legal Dimensions of Tobacco Use Examples of smoking legislation • Taxes • Bans on marketing to youth • Tobacco product vending machine sales • Advertising and promotion Discuss: What are the short-term and long-term

goals of each of these efforts? What are the pros and cons for each?

Physiological effects of cigarette smoking Health Consequences

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy has serious consequences for a growing fetus.

Figure 13-3: Physiological effects of cigarette

smoking

U.S. Deaths (Male and Female) Attributable to Cigarette Smoking

Cigarette smoking is a major cause of heart disease, cancer (lung and others), and respiratory diseases.

Figure 13-4: Estimated annual deaths related to cigarette smoking among women and girls