The appearance of agriculture a little more than 10,000 years ago introduced to world history what is known as the Agrarian Era. According to David Christian, the move from hunting and gathe

Please read the questions below carefully. Answer all the questions in a single essay format using supporting evidence from lectures, secondary sources, and primary sources. All the questions are interrelated. Must have an introduction, body and conclusion.
The appearance of agriculture a little more than 10,000 years ago introduced to world history what is known as the Agrarian Era. According to David Christian, the move from hunting and gathering to agriculture “was revolutionary because it suddenly gave humans access to more food and more resources [and] allowed humans to extract more food and energy from a given area of land.” Christian further explains that “this sudden increase in available resources and energy enabled humans to form communities that were larger, denser, more complex, and more powerful than those of the Paleolithic era.” Using the Marxist historical model (economy shapes society), explain what life was like for humans during the Paleolithic Era and how did the move to agriculture during the Neolithic Era change this way of life? Does Clark Spencer Larsen see this transition from food collection to food production as having a positive impact on human health and society or a negative impact during the Neolithic period? What factors gave rise to early complex societies (civilizations) and what were some of the key socioeconomic and political characteristics that defined them? What can we learn about early complex societies in ancient Mesopotamia from the content of the primary source below?
The Law Code of Hammurabi
. . . Anu and Bel called by name me, Hammurabi, the exalted prince, who feared God, to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land, to destroy the wicked and the evil-doers; so that the strong should not harm the weak; so that I should rule over the black-headed people like Shamash, and enlighten the land, to further the well-being of mankind . . .
53: If any one be too lazy to keep his dam in proper condition, and does not so keep it; if then the dam break and all the fields be flooded, then shall he in whose dam the break occurred be sold for money, and the money shall replace the [grain] which he has caused to be ruined.
54: If he be not able to replace the [grain], then he and his possessions shall be divided among the farmers whose grain he has flooded. 110: If a “sister of a god”[nun] open a tavern, or enter a tavern to drink, then shall this woman be burned to death.
129: If a man’s wife be surprised [having intercourse] with another man, both shall be tied and thrown into the water, but the husband may pardon his wife and the king his slaves.
138: If a man wishes to separate from his wife who has borne him no children, he shall give her the amount of her purchase money and the dowry which she brought from her father’s house, and let her go.
195: If a son strike his father, his hands shall be [cut] off. (4) 200: If a man knock out the teeth of his equal, his teeth shall be knocked out.
201: If he knock out the teeth of a [commoner], he shall pay one-third of a [silver] mina.

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