How did Winston Churchill feel about Gandhi and India? What even caused Indians to put aside the fight for independence? (867) 2. What eventually forced Britain to grant Indian self-rule? (8

PLEASE KEEP ANSWERS SHORT AND SIMPLE, AND THANK YOU!!! Please answer all questions 1-45
Chapter 37: The End of Empire Reading Questions – Read the ENTIRE chapter with UNDERSTANDING
and answer the following questions.
1. How did Winston Churchill feel about Gandhi and India? What even caused Indians to put aside the fight for independence? (867)
2. What eventually forced Britain to grant Indian self-rule? (867)
3. After independence, Muhammad Al Jinnah pushed for a separate Muslim state, as Muslims feared Hindu domination. How did Indian Congress leaders Jawaharlal Nehru and Gandhi feel about this?
4. What became known as communalism? (867-868)
5. Why was there a great amount of violence when India finally gained formal independence from Britain? (868)
6. What was the Nonaligned Movement? (868)
7. Why were the French in conflict with the Vietnamese? (868-869)
8. How did the U.S. become involved in Vietnam? (870)
9. After the U.S. withdrew, what happened to the nation of South Vietnam? (870-871)
10. After WWII, which Arab states gained independence? (871)
11. What did the British promise Jews and Palestinian Arabs after the Great War? Describe the Balfour Declaration. Who are Zionists? (871)
12. The U.N. developed a plan for Israel and Palestine. What did they decided to do in the November 1947 General Assembly? (871)
13. What happened instead of this plan? (871)
14. There have been a number of wars between Israel and its neighbors. How has Israel done in these wars? How does this continue to cause conflict? (872)
15. Most nations allied themselves with either the U.S. or the U.S.S.R. What did Egypt’s Nasser do instead? How did it work out for them? (872)
16. Why did Egypt dislike Israel so intensely? (look at the beginning of the first full paragraph on p. 873)
17. What was the Suez crisis? How was it resolved? (873)
18. France gave all of its colonies independence – but one. What one colony did they attempt to keep? (873)
19. How did the country in the above question finally gain independence? (874)
20. The literal translation of Negritude is “blackness.” Describe the Negritude movement. 874)
21. The first African nation to achieve independence inspired other African nations to seek independence, too. What was the first nation to achieve independence? Who was the Independence leader? Was it violent or non-violent?(876)
22. How was the situation in Kenya different? Explain their independence movement. (877)
23. How was the fight against colonialism different in South Africa than it had been in other places? (878)
24. What is apartheid (don’t just say “separateness”), and why did the Afrikaner National Party start it? (878)
25. What forces led to the end of apartheid? (878)
26. Why did most newly?independent nations struggle with authoritarian one?party systems or harsh military rule? (879)
27. What did China emphasize in its first Five?Year Plan? (879) What social reforms were also made?
28. What was the Great Leap Forward and how did it affect the Chinese people? (880)
29. What was the Cultural Revolution?
30. How did Deng’s government react to student?led pro?democracy protests at Tiananmen Square? (881)(see the caption on p. 880 also)
31. Tiananmen Square is a good example of how China has maintained __________________ political control while still enjoying impressive economic growth and development. (881)
32. How was India’s government different from other developing nations’ governments? (881)
33. What measures did Indira Gandhi take that ultimately led to her assassination? (881-882)
34. Who became the leader of the Pan-Arab movement? (882) Why did the ideas of pan-Arabism not work? (List at least 4 ways) (882)
35. Why did the Iranians revolt against Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi in the 1970s? (882)
36. Why did Iraq choose to attack Iran? (883)
37. Why did the U.S. (and their buddies) end up fighting Iraq in the Gulf War? (883)
38. How did colonialism continue to hurt Sub?Saharan Africa, even after the European powers left? (883)
39. What changes did Cardenas bring to Mexico? (884)
40. Mexico’s political situation has been improving sine the defeat of the PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party). What is different about modern Mexico versus its rule under the PRI? (884)
41. Why were Juan and Eva Perón incredibly popular? (884-885)
42. After the Perónist party lost its power, military dictators authorized a “dirty war.” What was the “dirty war?” (885)
43. Briefly describe the conflict between the U.S. and Guatemala. (885-886)
44. Who were the Sandinistas? (886)
45. Describe the Dependency Theory. (887)

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