After reading this how would you respond? Traditionally managed care programs such as health maintenance organization (HMO) were the initial source of cost reduction of hospital c

After reading this how would you respond?
Traditionally managed care programs such as health maintenance organization (HMO) were the initial source of cost reduction of hospital care. However Fleming (2015) notes to achieve further reductions in medical costs, managed care has to become more innovative in managing patient care more effectively thus the creation of preferred provider organizations (PPO).