please formulate a response to this discussion with 5-6 points
please formulate a response to this discussion with 5-6 points with explanation and references. This is a master’s level class for nursing. thank you.
Select a concept
According to McEwen & Wills (2023) concepts are “organizing ideas or mental abstractions that represent important areas of knowledge” (p.11). The concept chosen for this concept analysis is spirituality.
Determine the aim or purpose of your concept analysis
The aim/purpose of our group’s concept analysis of spirituality is to further identify the purpose of this concept and how it relates to theory development and a nurse’s purpose. Concept analysis is necessary because “concepts are dynamic, fuzzy and context dependent (McEwen & Wills,2023)”. Spirituality is a spectrum, defined subjectively and dependent upon the individual’s belief system, culture, their personal worldview and life experiences. It is important to remember that the concept of spirituality is fluid and, therefore, can take on a different meaning/value to everyone. Spirituality is also unique in the way that it can mean something different to a single person at different periods of their life.
Determine the defining Attributes
Spirituality was integral to early nursing practice as religious orders prepared nurses to care for the ill and dying as a benevolent service. Spirituality reemerged since 1980 as an appropriate topic for education and research, because of its influence on health and importance in the lives of our patients (Gray, 2006).
Patients may turn to their spiritual beliefs to provide meaning and hope. Spirituality is essential to providing holistic care through attending to the body, mind, and spirit of the patient. Florence Nightingale described spirituality as the most powerful resource for healing and identified that spirituality involved the evolution of human consciousness (Gray,2006).
For people facing death due to serious illness, spirituality was shown to inhibit distress and bring a feeling of inner peace, as there is hope/belief in a life after death and finding significance in life and death (Vachon et al., 2009)
Spirituality creates an affirmation of life in a relationship with God, self, community, and environment that nurtures and celebrates wholeness” (Fryback & Reinert, 1999).
Feelings of communion with oneself and those around them, creates a response of not feeling alone, creates a positive approach towards life and having gratitude to be able to live life as a gift. (Vachon et al., 2009).
Spirituality can be viewed as a process or journey and supports becoming conscious of one’s value and beliefs. Values of authenticity, compassion, kindness and charity are associated with being spiritual (Vachon et al., 2009).
Spirituality may or may not be linked to religious beliefs or practices (Sessanna et al, 2007).
Uses of Spirituality:
Spirituality as religious systems of beliefs and values (Sessanna et al, 2007).
Spirituality as life meaning, purpose, and connection with others, personal and intimate (Sessanna et al, 2007; Gray, 2006).
Spirituality as non-religious systems of beliefs or values (Sessanna et al, 2007).
Spirituality as metaphysical or transcendent phenomena (Sessanna et al, 2007).
Identify antecedents and consequences
Antecedent: In order to apply the concept of spirituality to nursing diagnoses and nursing care, a clear definition of spirituality must be made. Further studies must be done to help define spiritual care so that nurses can apply it to their practice. Spirituality is an ambiguous concept and religion, and spirituality are often used interchangeably. To define spirituality a differentiation must occur (Sessanna et al., 2007).
Antecedent: Pain, suffering, terminal illness, life events, and aging can precipitate an existential crisis that science cannot resolve. Patients may turn to their spiritual beliefs to provide meaning and hope (Gray, 2006).
Consequence: “terminological confusion impacts the provision of spiritual care in clinical settings” (Vachon et al., 2009). Spiritual well-being has been shown to have a direct negative effect on burn-out and a direct positive effect on hardiness of Registered Nurses. A nurse’s care may be influenced by spirituality and religious beliefs. Nurses may have a different level of insight into a patient’s need if the patient also has a higher level of spiritual awareness (Gray,2006).
Consequence: without a definition of spirituality health care providers will struggle with creating related nursing diagnosis, resulting in spirituality being left out of the patients care (Sessanna et al., 2007).
Identify empirical referents
Spirituality Well-Being Scale (SWBS) (also referenced in Article 3)
According to Paloutzian & Ellison (1982) the Spiritual Well Being Scale (SWBS) is a 20-item scale that measures a person’s well-being and overall life satisfaction on two dimensions:
(1) religious well-being
(2) existential well-being
Spiritual well-being subscale of the functional assessment for chronic Illness Therapy measure (FACIT-SP) (Flannelly et al., 2004).
The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp-12) is a 12-item questionnaire that measures spiritual well-being in people with cancer and other chronic illnesses (Bredle et al., 2011).
Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS)
The SPS was developed by Pamela Reed in 1986 as a ten-item, six-point Likert scale format. Subjects are asked to indicate the frequency in which they engage in spiritual activities as well as the importance they place on the spiritual aspects of their lives (Gray, 2006).
Develop and present a model case
Amy is a nurse who works in a long-term care facility. One of Amy’s patients, Mr. Anderson, who she has cared for, for many months recently began to decline. Mr. Anderson struggles to accept that he is beginning to become more and more fragile and ill. His family also struggles to accept this reality and does not want to see him decline. Amy takes this opportunity to connect with Mr. Anderson and his family. Amy uses her knowledge of spirituality to help Mr. Anderson and his family come to a place of peace with the situation. Amy invites the family to help care for Mr. Anderson and helps them find a purpose during such a difficult time. Mr. Anderson also begins to be at peace, and he knows he is not alone.
Develop and present a contrary case
Amy is a nurse who works in a long-term care facility. One of Amy’s patients, Mr. Anderson, who she has cared for, for many months recently began to decline. Mr. Anderson struggles to accept that he is beginning to become more and more fragile and ill. His family also struggles to accept this reality and does not want to see him decline. Amy is not sure how to help Mr. Anderson or his family and feels she does not know how to care for her patients emotional and spiritual needs. Amy begins to withdraw from this patient and his family and solely provides physical care and lacks care for the patient’s mind and spirit.
References
Bredle, J. M., Salsman, J. M., Debb, S. M., Arnold, B. J., & Cella, D. (2011). Spiritual well-being as a component of health-related quality of life: The functional assessment of chronic illness therapy—Spiritual well-being scale (FACIT-Sp). Religions, 2(1), 77-94. MDPI AG. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel2010077
Flannelly, K. J., Weaver, A. J., & Costa, K. G. (2004). A systematic review of religion and spirituality in three palliative care journals, 1990-1999. Journal of palliative care, 20(1), 50-56.
Fryback, P. B., & Reinert, B. R. (1999). Spirituality and people with potentially fatal diagnoses. Nursing forum, 34(1), 13-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6198.1999.tb00231.x
Gray, Jennifer (2006). Measuring spirituality: conceptual and methodological considerations. Journal of Theory Construction & Testing, 10(2), 58-64 https://go.openathens.net/redirector/lewisu.edu?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/measuring-spirituality-conceptual-methodological/docview/219177736/se-2
McEwen, M., & Wills, E. M. (2023). Theoretical basis for nursing (6th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Paloutzian R. F., & Ellison, C. W. (1982). Loneliness, spiritual well-being and the quality of life. Loneliness: A sourcebook of Current theory, Research, and Therapy (p. 224-236).
Sessana, L., Finnell, D., & Jezewski, M.A. (2007). Spirituality in nursing and health related literature: a concept analysis. Journal of Holistic Nursing 25(4), 252-262. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0898010107303890
Vachon, M., Fillion, L., & Achille, M. (2009). A conceptual analysis of spirituality at the end of life. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 12(1), 53-59. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2008.0189open_in_new
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