?? What are the 3 main components of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)? ?? What is the primary function of DNA? ?? Where is DNA located within the cell? ?? Given the following base pairs of a stran

?? What are the 3 main components of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)?
?? What is the primary function of DNA?
?? Where is DNA located within the cell?
?? Given the following base pairs of a strand of DNA, complete the second strand using the rules of complimentary base pairing.
A C T G G C T A G C T A A T G C
?? Discuss the primary roles of the 3 types of RNA:
?? mRNA
?? rRNA
?? tRNA
?? How do RNA bases differ from DNA?
?? Describe the process of transcription and translation.
?? Discuss how the role of mitosis differs from meiosis in relation to genetics.
?? What is the difference between a haploid and a diploid cell?
?? Define the following genetic terms:
?? Chromosome
?? Gene
?? Allele
?? Genotype
?? Phenotype
Chromosomal Disorders
?? Discuss the difference between an autosomal chromosome and a sex chromosome.
?? Define the following terms:
?? Non-disjunction
?? Monosomy
?? Trisomy
?? What is a karyotype? What is it used to detect?
?? Based on the following karyotype, what chromosomal disorder does the patient have?

?? What condition results from a trisomy of chromosome 21?
?? What condition results from a monosomy of the X chromosome?

Single Gene Mutations
?? Using “T” to indicate the dominant allele and “t” to indicate the recessive allele, write the genotypes for the following scenarios:
?? Homozygous recessive:
?? Homozygous dominant:
?? Heterozygous:
?? Discuss the difference in inheritance patterns for a recessive vs a dominant trait.
?? What does the term “carrier” mean? Can a patient be a carrier for a dominant trait?
?? List at two conditions that are acquired by each of the following inheritance patterns.
?? Autosomal recessive
?? Autosomal dominant
?? X-linked recessive
?? A female is a known carrier of cystic fibrosis.
?? What is the inheritance pattern for cystic fibrosis?
?? What is her genotype?
?? What is her phenotype?
?? If she has children with a homozygous dominant male, what is the probability that their child will have cystic fibrosis?
?? What is the probability that their children will be carriers for cystic fibrosis?

?? Sergei Rachmaninov, the famous 19th century composer and pianist, is suspected to have had Marfan syndrome (heterozygous). His extraordinarily long fingers gave him long reach on the piano.
?? What is the inheritance pattern of Marfan syndrome?

?? Assuming his wife was unaffected by the disorder, what was the probability that his children would have had Marfan syndrome?

?? A married couple is considering having a child. After a genetic test for sickle cell disease, they discover that they are both heterozygous for the sickle cell gene.
?? What is the inheritance pattern of sickle cell disease?

?? What is the probability that their child will have sickle cell disease?

?? A man is affected by red-green color blindness. His wife is NOT known to be a carrier of the trait.

?? What is the pattern of inheritance for red-green color blindness?
?? What is the probability that any of their children will have color blindness?
What is the probability that any of their children will be carriers for the trait?
?? Jessica knows that she is a carrier for the hemophilia A gene. Her husband is not affected by hemophilia A. However, she knows that she is still able to pass on the trait to her children. Since this is a serious bleeding disorder, she wants to know her risks before bearing children. As her nurse, she asks you about the risks of passing this trait on to her children.

?? What is the probability that her child will have hemophilia A?
?? What is the probability that her son will have hemophilia A?
?? What is the probability that her daughter will have hemophilia A?
?? What is the probability that her daughter will have the same genotype as her and be a carrier for the hemophilia A gene?
Polygenic Mutations
?? Most disorders result from the interaction of multiple genes in addition to environmental risk factors. List at least 4 conditions that result from polygenic mutations.

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