1. What are 4 early adaptations plants had to make to move onto land? 2. What is a gametophyte? 3. What is a sporophyte? 4. What is alternation of generations? 5. What are bryophyt

1. What are 4 early adaptations plants had to make to move onto land?
2. What is a gametophyte?
3. What is a sporophyte?
4. What is alternation of generations?
5. What are bryophytes?
6. What is an example of a non-vascular plant?
7. Phloem moves ____ (directionality).
8. Xylem moves ___ (directionality).
9. Extinct means ___.
10. Extant means ___.
11. What is an example of a vascular plant?
12. What is a tracheophyte?
14. What is meristem tissue?
15. What is the general function of roots?
16. What is the general function of leaves?
17. What is the general function of stems?
18. In leaf structure, what is the difference between a microphyll and a megaphyll?
19. What is the advantage plants that produce seeds have over seedless plants?
20. What is a microspore? What is a megaspore?
21. What is a progymnosperm?
22. What is a gymnosperm? What is an example of a gymnosperm?
23. What is an angiosperm? What is an example of an angiosperm?
24. What is a monocot?
25. What is a eudicot?
26. What is the male part of an angiosperm flower called?
27. What is the female part of an angiosperm flower called?
28. What is a radicle?
29. What is a cotyledon?
30. What is a fruit?
31. What is an example of a dry fruit? What is an example of a fleshy fruit?
Ch 30-32
32. What is the difference between meristem and non-meristem tissue?
33. What is meant by apical meristem and what are the two primary locations?
34. What are the three types of permanent tissue?
35. What does xylem move through the plant? What are the 3 cell types is xylem?
36. What does phloem move through the plants? What are the 4 cell types in phloem?
38. What are the 3 cell types in the stem? What is the purpose of each?
39. What is vascular cambium?
40. What is cork cambium?
41. Describe 3 types of stem modifications.
42. What are the 2 types of root systems?
43. Where are the zylem and phloem in a root compared to where they are in the stem?
44. How can you tell the difference between a monocot and a dicot root under a microscope?
45. Describe 2 types of root modifications.
46. What is the main function of leaves?
47. ____ leaves are directly attached to a stem (no petiole).
48. The ________ pattern describes the vascular patter of a leaf.
49. How can you tell a difference between a monocot leaf and a dicot leaf?
50. Describe 3 of the patterns of arrangement of leaves on the stem.
51. What is the function of stomata?
52. The outer layer of leaf cells is the ____.
53. The ___ is the waxy layer that covers the leaf.
54. The ___ layer is primarily where the chloroplasts are and photosynthesis takes place.
55. The 2 cell types in the mesophyll layer are the ___ (that is on the upper surface) and the ___ (next
to the undersurface of the cell)
56. Describe 4 types of adaptations of leaves.
57. What are the driving forces to move molecules/substances through the plant?
58. What is transpiration?
59. How does the plant regulate transpiration?
60. What is translocation?
61. Describe 3 plant sensory systems.
62. What are auxins and what response do they cause in the plant?
63. What are gibberellins and what response do they cause in the plant?
64. What is abscisic acid and what does it cause a plant to do?
65. What is ethylene and what does it cause a plant to do?
66. What are the plants 2 primary defense responses to predators and pathogens?
67. What is the main component of plants? (80-90%)
68. What is the second main component of plants?
69. List the other macronutrients?
70. List 4 micronutrients?
71. Where does the plant get these nutrients?
72. What are the 4 layers of soil and what is primarily in each?
73. What is nitrogen-fixation?
74. How does the plant get nitrogen?
75. What is the difference in pollination/fertilization between gymnosperms and angiosperms?
76. Describe 3 types of pollination.
77. ___ is the period of low metabolic activity in a seed.
78. ____ is the period of increased metabolic activity and initiation of embryo growth in a seed.
79. ___ is when a seed requires a cold treatment before germination can occur.
80. What are 3 mechanisms of seed dispersal?
81. ___ are plants that complete their life cycle in one season.
82. ___ are plants that complete their life cycle in 2 seasons.
83. ___ are plants that complete their life cycle in 2 or more years.

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