Your assignment must be no longer than 1800 words (and conform to AU word count policy). Within this you should include the following information: 1. An introduction to factors which are li
Your assignment must be no longer than 1800 words (and conform to AU word count policy). Within this you should include the following information:
1. An introduction to factors which are likely to spatially influence fire risk to tiger habitat in Nepal
2. A quantitative assessment as to what environmental factors are linked with fire events in Nepal (processing the data provided) and how these events vary temporally
3. An assessment of how fire has affected tiger habitat between 2000 and 2013
4. Provide a critical appraisal of your analysis highlighting (i) the limitations of analysing the temporal data within GIS (ii) suggestions for how more sophisticated methods could be used to map predicted risk, and (iii) any implications for management of tiger habitat in relation to fire risk
Assignment_subsetNepal/Assignment_fireconservation.pdf
GIS for Environmental Management
Tiger conservation areas in Nepal: investigating spatio-temporal
patterns in the risk from fire hazard
Background
Fire hazard in Nepal provides significant risk to conservation of threatened species (Barber-Meyer et
l. 2010). In 2012, nearly 70% of the Bardiya National Park in Nepal was destroyed from fire; this park
provided prime conserved habitat for tiger populations1. Fires occur frequently with a large
proportion deliberately initiated by grazers, poachers, hunters and non-timber forest product
collectors; some as a result of negligence or by accident. Fire provides a valuable method for
landscape management to prepare fields for crop cultivation as it is one of the least expensive land
clearing methods. However, when such methods are not managed carefully under strict control, fire
can spread and becomes a threat to protected areas, habitats and species. The Department of
National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) manages protected Areas in Nepal, which in turn
is part of the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation. These protected areas are home to some of
the world’s most endangered species. Increasing fire hazard (due to population expansion and a
warmer/drier environment) is adding unprecedented pressure on threatened species (Carter et al.
2013), such as Panthera tigris tigris, the Bengal tiger which is native to this part of the world. Fire is
one of the most prominent causes of forest destruction in Nepal where fire is traditionally linked
with the rural livelihoods of communities. Tropical forests of the Terai (Nepali lowlands) consitute
prime habitat for the Bengal tiger.
Several environmental factors are thought to influence the occurrence and likely spread of fire. You
should read the literature to ascertain which factors (current and future) are important for Nepal,
and which you suppose are important for your investigation relative to the datasets which have
been provided (e.g. Castro and Chuvieco 1996; Jaiswal et al. 2002; Barbosa et al. 2010).
Scenario
In this assignment, your task is to investigate the historical relationship between fire occurrence and
environmental factors likely to influence its occurrence. You should also examine the impact of fire
on tiger habitat from 2000-2013. You should use the tools in ArcGIS spatial analyst to aid your
analysis. You may find it helpful to divide the fire data set into separate map layers for different sub-
periods, and then for each sub-period look at the pattern of fire relative to tiger habitat and
landscape characteristics that could influence its occurrence.
You may wish to further your ArcGIS skillset and explore using the spatial statistics tools given that
fire time-series data have been provided, e.g. have fire events become more or less clustered over
time? Once you have explored the temporal and spatial characteristics of fire occurrence between
2000 and 2013, you should discuss the implications of your findings for management of the tiger
population in relation to fire risk.
The Data
Data are provided for Nepal.
1 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17937620
GIS for Environmental Management
FIRMS MODIS fire/hotspots observations (2000-2013)
https://earthdata.nasa.gov/data/near-real-time-data/faq/firms#firms20
(see ‘What are the attributes/fields of the active fire data?’ in FAQ)
ICUN threatened species – coverage of known tiger habitat
http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/spatial-data
ASTER GDEM 30m resolution digital elevation model
FAO land cover
Existing national park conservation areas
Major settlement locations
You may download and use additional data if you wish to but it is not a requirement of the
assignment.
Assignment Criteria
Your assignment must be no longer than 1800 words (and conform to AU word count policy). Within
this you should include the following information:
1. An introduction to factors which are likely to spatially influence fire risk to tiger habitat in
Nepal
2. A quantitative assessment as to what environmental factors are linked with fire events in
Nepal (processing the data provided) and how these events vary temporally
3. An assessment of how fire has affected tiger habitat between 2000 and 2013
4. Provide a critical appraisal of your analysis highlighting (i) the limitations of analysing the
temporal data within GIS (ii) suggestions for how more sophisticated methods could be used
to map predicted risk, and (iii) any implications for management of tiger habitat in relation
to fire risk
References
This does not form an exhaustive list – there are many more journal articles which will be of
relevance to your investigation depending upon how you wish to focus your analysis.
Barber-Meyer SM, Jnawali SR, Karki JB, Khanal P, Lohani S, Long B, MacKenzie DI, Pandav B, Pradhan
NMB, Shrestha R, Subedi R, Thapa G, ThapaK,Wikramanayake E, 2012. Influence of prey
depletion and human disturbance on tiger occupancy in Nepal. Journal of Zoology 289 10-18
Barbosa MR, Seoane JCS, Buratto MG, Dias LS, Raivel JPC, Martins FL, 2010. Forest Fire Alert System:
a Geo Web GIS prioritization model considering land susceptibility and hotspots – a case study
in the Carajás National Forest, Brazilian Amazon. International Journal of Geographical
Information Science 24 873-901
Carter NH, Gurung B, Vina AS, Campa H, Karki JB, Liu J, 2013. Assessing spatiotemporal changes in
tiger habitat across different land management regimes. Ecosphere 4 (Article 124)
Castro R, Chuvieco E, 1998. Modelling forest fire danger from geographic information systems,
Geocarto International 13 15-23
GIS for Environmental Management
Jaiswal RK, Mukherjee S, Raju KD, Sazena R, 2002. Forest fire risk zone mapping from satellite
imagery and GIS. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 4 1-10
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