Summary chapter 1 in detail with no dates or federal Laws , names or examples all definitions in one page? its supposed to help me study?PublicPolicymaking_8e.pdf
Summary chapter 1 in detail with no dates or federal LAws , names or examples
all definitions in one page
its supposed to help me study
Public Policymaking An Introduction
Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to
remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to
remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
Public Policymaking An Introduction
Eighth EDitiON
JAMES E. ANDERSON texas A&M University
Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to
remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall
learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to
current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest.
Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to
remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
© 2015, 2011, 2006 Cengage Learning
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Public Policymaking: An Introduction, Eighth Edition James E. Anderson
Product Director: Suzanne Jeans
Product Manager: Carolyn Merrill
Content Developer: Jean Findley
Content Coordinator: Jessica Wang
Product Assistant: Abigail Hess
Media Developer: Laura Hildebrand
Marketing Brand Manager: Valerie Hartman
Rights Acquisitions Specialist: Jennifer Meyer Dare
Manufacturing Planner: Fola Orekoya
Art and Design Direction, Production Management, and Composition: PreMediaGlobal
Cover Image: [SE] © Donovan Reese/Stone/Getty Images
Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 17 16 15 14 13
For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage
Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706
For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions.
Further permissions questions can be emailed to [email protected]
Library of Congress Control Number: 2013951258 ISBN-13: 978-1-285-73528-3 ISBN-10: 1-285-73528-5
Cengage Learning 200 First Stamford Place, 4th Floor Stamford, CT 06902 USA
Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil and Japan. Locate your local office at international.cengage.com/region.
Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd.
For your course and learning solutions, visit www.cengage.com.
Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.cengagebrain.com.
Instructors: Please visit login.cengage.com and log in to access instructor-specific resources.
Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to
remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
WCN: 02-200-203
Preface ix
ChAPtER 1 The Study of Public Policy 1 The Plan of This Book 2 What Is Public Policy? 6 Categories of Public Policies 10 Approaches to Policy Study 19 Methodological Difficulties in Studying Public Policy 30
For Further Exploration 33
Test Your Knowledge 33
Suggested Readings 33
Notes 34
ChAPtER 2 The Policy-Makers and Their Environment 37
The Policy Environment 41 The Official Policy-Makers 50 Nongovernmental Participants 61 Levels of Politics 73 CASE STUDY The Endangered Snail Darter 78
For Further Exploration 80
Test Your Knowledge 81
Suggested Readings 81
Notes 82
ChAPtER 3 Policy Formation: Problems, Agendas, and Formulation 87
Policy Problems 89 The Policy Agenda 95 The Agenda-Setting Process 98 Nondecisions 106 The Loss of Agenda Status 107 Two Cases in Agenda Setting 108 CASE STUDY Coal-Mine Safety 108
Contents
Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to
remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
vi Contents
CASE STUDY Environmental Pollution Control 112 The Formulation of Policy Proposals 114 Policy Formulation as a Technical Process 120 CASE STUDY Formulating Policy: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 122 A Concluding Comment 127
For Further Exploration 128
Test Your Knowledge 128
Suggested Readings 128
Notes 129
ChAPtER 4 Policy Adoption 133 Theories of Decision-Making 134 Decision Criteria 140 The Public Interest 150 Styles of Decision-Making 153 Presidential Decision-Making 161 CASE STUDY Policy Adoption: Consumer Bankruptcy 165 CASE STUDY Policy Adoption: The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act 172
For Further Exploration 174
Test Your Knowledge 175
Suggested Readings 175
Notes 175
ChAPtER 5 Budgeting and Public Policy 180 The Budget and Public Policy 181 Fiscal Policy 187 The National Budgetary Process 188 CASE STUDY The Struggle to Balance the Budget 207
For Further Exploration 220
Test Your Knowledge 221
Suggested Readings 221
Notes 222
ChAPtER 6 Policy Implementation 225 Federalism and Implementation 227 CASE STUDY The Elementary and Secondary Education Act 229
Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to
remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Contents vii
Who Implements Policy? 232 Administrative Organization 239 Administrative Politics 243 Administrative Policymaking 249 CASE STUDY The Nuclear Waste Disposal Act 258 CASE STUDY The Total Maximum Daily Load Program 259 Techniques of Control 261 CASE STUDY The Clean Air Act’s Emissions-Trading System 272 Compliance 273
For Further Exploration 282
Test Your Knowledge 282
Suggested Readings 283
Notes 283
ChAPtER 7 Policy Impact, Evaluation, and Change 290
Policy Impact 290 Policy Evaluation 295 Policy Evaluation Processes 299 CASE STUDY The GAO and Food Safety 302 Problems in Policy Evaluation 307 Policy Evaluation: The Use and Misuse of Cost–Benefit Analysis 311 CASE STUDY The Politics of Evaluation: Head Start 317 Policy Termination 321 CASE STUDY The Policy Cycle: Airline Regulation and Deregulation 325
For Further Exploration 333
Test Your Knowledge 334
Suggested Readings 334
Notes 335
ChAPtER 8 Reflections and Observations 341 Notes 352
Index 355
Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to
remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to
remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
ix
In Public Policymaking: An Introduction, Eighth Edition, the policymaking process is presented as a policy cycle—a sequence of functional activities beginning with problem identification and agenda formation, and continuing through the evaluation of policy, which may result in the continuation, modi- fication, or termination of policy. This may restart the policy cycle in a search for alternatives for handling a problem.
The policy cycle schema is a workable and flexible approach to the study and analysis of public policymaking, whether in the United States or else- where. In addition, the text looks at some other ways to study policy formation (e.g., group theory and elite theory); makes some comparisons with action in other countries; and delves into some of the logistical aspects of policymaking, such as majority building, cost–benefit analysis, and decision-making.
Since the seventh edition of this book was written, various noteworthy changes or developments have occurred in American government and public policy. National budget deficits soared because of the Great Recession and then began to decline. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Financial Protection Act were enacted. The Democratic Party, which won control of both houses of Congress in 2008, lost control of the House of Representatives in 2010 to the Republicans, partly because of the Tea Party. The long American combat involvement in Iraq has finally ended, although violence in that country has not. The long war in Afghanistan is now winding down, at least as far as American participation is involved. In 2012, President Barack Obama decisively won a second term.
The Obama administration has a more leftward tilt than the predecessor George W. Bush administration. In Congress, however, polarization of the political parties has intensified. The increased opposition of the Republicans, especially in the House, to anything “Obama,” has made stalemate common- place in Congress, which is often referred to as a dysfunctional body.
The fundamental structure of the policymaking process remains as before. However, in the last few years not much of significance has made the journey through the policy cycle. That said, I believe the policy cycle approach remains useful. For instance, it can be used in the analysis of executive policymaking, which seems likely to gain greater usage in the Obama administration.
As the subtitle indicates, Public Policymaking: An Introduction is intended to be a starting point for the study of public policymaking by giving some consideration to all of the stages or phases of the policymaking process. For those who wish to explore various stages more deeply, the suggested readings and websites listed at the end of each chapter will be helpful. After decades of studying the policy process, I still have much to learn.
Preface
Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to
remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
x Preface
While I am fully equipped with opinions on policy and politics, I have tried to be impartial and objective in my treatment of the many topics covered in this book. I have been informed, and I think with considerable success, by the principle of “intended neutrality” in writing this book. Analysis rather than advocacy and teaching rather than preaching have been my goals.
Organization and Updates I have made many changes, updates, additions, and a few deletions
in this revision, taking into account new developments in public policymak- ing, especially at the national level in the United States. I have also benefitted from recent additions to the scholarly literature on public policy formation. The basic framework of the book, however, remains intact.
Chapter 1, “The Study of Public Policy,” has new material on distributive policy, elite theory, and the application of various policy approaches to the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Financial Protection Act.
Chapter 2, “The Policy-Makers and Their Environment,” surveys the politi- cal environment, or context of policymaking, and presents the official and unofficial participants in the policy process. Material has been added on politi- cal culture, social change, the President, and the communications media. I retained the Snail Darter case, because though old, it is seminal.
Chapter 3, “Policy Formation: Problems, Agendas, and Formulation,” examines policy problems and agendas, agenda-setting processes, and the for- mulation (or crafting) of policy proposals. These are the pre-adoption aspects of the policy process. Here one will encounter new material on policy prob- lems, issue definition, agenda denial, an updating of coal mine safety and pol- lution control, and a new case study of the Affordable Care Act.
Chapter 4, “Policy Adoption,” centers on decision-making processes and criteria and the adoption of policies. Here one will find new and/or updated material on public opinion, filibustering in the U.S. Senate, and the Israeli election. A new case study is included on the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act.
Chapter 5, “Budgeting and Public Policy,” discusses the national budgetary process because of its importance for the substance, implementation, and impact of public policies, which I try to make more apparent. Budgetary numbers are updated. There is a new example on the ever-popular Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and on the budgetary process, per se. The ongoing saga of the struggle for a balanced budget, which becomes more partisan, complicated, and seemingly hopeless as time goes on, has been modified and updated.
Chapter 6, “Policy Implementation,” roams over much ground to provide understanding of the implementation or administration of public policies. Changes here include new material on the President and implementation, agency rule-making, the failed Nuclear Waste Disposal Act, tax expenditures, and “libertarian paternalism.”
Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to
remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Preface xi
Chapter 7, “Policy Impact, Evaluation, and Change,” probes the effects of policies, their evaluation, and possible termination. Numerous limited modi- fications, additions, and deletions have been made here. There is more on food safety, Head Start, and policy termination. The concluding case study on airline deregulation has also been updated. Does the air traveler in coach really feel better off?
Chapter 8, “Reflections and Observations,” goes beyond stating conclu- sions. It is, rather, an informative essay on the American policymaking pro- cess, adding new information to the topic.
Companion Website An exciting feature of this edition is the text’s companion website,
which provides additional resources for instructors and students. The Instruc- tor website includes PowerPoint slides for classroom presentations, ideas for classroom activities, suggested paper topics, and an Instructor’s Manual, while the Student website has flashcards for reviewing text terms, crossword puz- zles, tutorial quizzes, and chapter outlines. Access the companion website at login.cengage.com.
Acknowledgments I wish to express my appreciation to all who have assisted in the prep-
aration of this edition. At the request of Cengage Learning, several scholars provided pre-revision reviews. They provided many good ideas and suggestions for change and improvement. I did not agree with everything that came at me, nor was I able to respond positively to some of their recommendations. Over- all, though, they helped greatly in this revision. My thanks go to the following professors for reviewing the text and offering their evaluations, comments, and suggestions:
Mike Abels (University of Central Florida)
Jeffrey M. Brauer (Keystone College)
William Doyle (Vanderbilt University)
Shankar Prasad (NYU Wagner)
Stephen Sussman (Barry University)
Various colleagues at Texas A&M University and elsewhere were providers of information and advice. Carrie Kilpatrick, in her usual pleasant and agree- able style, quickly and accurately converted my handwritten copy into good typescript. Alberta (Mrs. Anderson) kept me on track to complete the revision. She has been a source of support for my scholarly endeavors and a positive influence on my life for several decades. At Cengage Learning, Carolyn Merrill
Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to
remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
xii Preface
and Eireann Aspell helped to get the revision underway, kept me in motion, and otherwise helped to bring the proje
Collepals.com Plagiarism Free Papers
Are you looking for custom essay writing service or even dissertation writing services? Just request for our write my paper service, and we'll match you with the best essay writer in your subject! With an exceptional team of professional academic experts in a wide range of subjects, we can guarantee you an unrivaled quality of custom-written papers.
Why Hire Collepals.com writers to do your paper?
Quality- We are experienced and have access to ample research materials.
We write plagiarism Free Content
Confidential- We never share or sell your personal information to third parties.
Support-Chat with us today! We are always waiting to answer all your questions.