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Rickert, J. (2019). On Patient Safety: The Importance of Vaccinations-Avoiding the Mistakes of the Past. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 477(1), 28–30. https://doi.org/10.1097/CORR.0000000000000585

Lee, P. (2016). Handoffs, safety culture, and practices: evidence from the hospital survey on patient safety culture. BMC Health Services Research, 16(1), 254–254. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1502-7

Baines, L. (2015). How effective are patient safety initiatives? A retrospective patient record review study of changes to patient safety over time. BMJ Quality & Safety, 24(9), 561–. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2014-003702

Lawton, R., O'Hara, J. K., Sheard, L., Armitage, G., Cocks, K., Buckley, H., … & Watt, I. (2017). Can patient involvement improve patient safety? A cluster randomised control trial of the Patient Reporting and Action for a Safe Environment (PRASE) intervention. BMJ quality & safety. 2017; 26 (8): 622-31.

Why you chose this article and/or how it relates to the clinical issue of interest (include a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest)

The peer-reviewed article is relevant to the clinical issue in question. The peer-reviewed article researches the role of immunization in promoting patient safety. It follows healthcare ethics guidelines.

The peer-reviewed article is related to patient safety indicating why I chose it. It indicates how a safety culture and practices and clinical handoffs affect patient safety. Since the peer-reviewed article is relevant to the clinical practice and it gets data from a healthcare institution, it follows the ethics of healthcare research.

I choose the peer-reviewed articles as it investigates whether the patient initiatives implemented by healthcare facilities are effective. The research follows the ethics of healthcare research.

The peer-reviewed article is related to patient safety as it evaluated how patient safety may be promoted. I chose it as it actively investigates patient safety. Ethics of research were followed as the patients used in the research gave consent

Brief description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article

The study aims to identify how patient safety among children may be promoted by encouraging immunization of small children

The peer-reviewed article investigates how a safety culture and practices and clinical handoffs affect patient safety in healthcare facilities

The peer-reviewed article aims at finding out whether patient safety initiatives are effective in promoting patient safety in hospitals. It also seeks to identify whether patient safety in a healthcare facility increases over time.

The peer-reviewed article aimed to investigate the effectiveness of patient reporting and action in the promotion of patient safety in healthcare facilities

Brief description of the research methodology used Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative , quantitative , or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific.

The research uses mixed-methods. That is because it uses both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. Qualitative research methods are used to identify the benefits of immunization whereas quantitative research methods are used to identify the trends in immunization of children in the US.

The study uses qualitative analysis. The data used in the study is collected from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

The study uses quantitative research methods. That is because 15,997 patient admissions were included in the study. The admissions were used to identify whether the patient safety initiatives implemented in the hospitals in the study were effective.

The peer-reviewed article used qualitative research methods. That is because the patients were given questionnaires to answer. They were also given proforma to report both safety concerns and positive experiences.

A brief description of the strengths of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected.

The study relies on statistical data that had been collected from the year 2001. That indicates that the study has a clear trend that is identified by the data. Since the data is continuous for a long period, it is reliable and valid.

The study used is from an official website. That indicates that the data used is reliable and valid as it is official data Thus, it can be used to come up with an appropriate conclusion and recommendation.

The data that is used in the research is reliable and valid. That is because it is collected from the recorded information about patient admission in several healthcare facilities. Therefore, it can be used to come up with the right conclusions and thus, recommendations.

The research methods used have contributed to a strong statistical power of the study due to the correction of primary data. That promoted the reliability and validity of the study.

General Notes/Comments

Immunization helps in promoting patient safety among children. Through immunization, children are protected from various diseases.

To attain patient safety, healthcare practitioners have to hand over the information, accountability, and responsibilities effectively. That ensures the continuity of the provision of patient care in a healthcare facility.

Before implementing strategies to promote patient safety, healthcare facilities should evaluate them for their effectiveness.

In general, when patients are involved, patient safety is likely to be attained in healthcare facilities. That is because they will question the areas that safety is not facilitated