Tony is a local dentist and father of three young children. He does not like public speaking, but his neighborhood association asked him to represent their concerns about the traffic, noise, and population
Tony is a local dentist and father of three young children. He does not like public speaking, but his neighborhood association asked him to represent their concerns about the traffic, noise, and population increase that could result from a proposed housing development at a town council meeting last week. The audience at the public meeting consisted of town members, small-business owners, and builders.
Fabian, an investor in the proposed development and a practiced public speaker, was scheduled to speak before Tony. Tony was confident that his message was clear and well-researched, but he feared he couldn’t compete with Fabian’s smooth delivery.
The speech communication model includes five elements of speech. Tony is most nervous about how the receiver will respond to his content and delivery, so his concerns relate to the (A) element of the speech model. In Tony’s speech, he is in a room with his audience. This is an example of a(n) (B) channel.
A sender feedback message audience channel
Basynchronous co-located video speaker computer-mediated
Question 2
Tony received suggestions and advice from his neighbors and family while preparing his speech. He heard many funny (and nerve-wracking) stories about failed toasts, bumbled speeches, and sweaty palms. Tony hadn’t thought much about public speaking and never studied communication when he was in dental school, so he was surprised to learn that different techniques and philosophies could help him prepare his speech.
One of his fellow dentists brought in a book from his daughter’s communication class titled Argue Like a Greek. To Tony’s surprise, the suggestions and advice in the book incorporated lessons that dated back 2,500 years.
Order the following important figures in the history of public speaking chronologically based on their corresponding periods.
Four philosophers known as the “fantastic four” championed public speaking as a critical skill in public participation. Aristotle, the most famous of the philosophers, believed that rhetoric required three elements to persuade others: logical reason, human character, and emotional appeal.
During a period that experienced little advancement in the study of public speaking, St. Augustine argued that the study of “persuasion” could benefit the church.
Francis Bacon believed that truth-finding was paramount to the study of oration and public speaking.
Public speaking was revived in politics during the U.S. and French Revolutions. John Quincy Adams was an advocate for the democratic advancement of public-speaking skills.
Question 3 Susan, one of the town council members, watched the reaction of the public to the speakers. As Fabian stood and presented a PowerPoint about the economic benefits the development would bring to the town, the audience sat with their arms crossed or checked their phones. Susan leaned over to her colleague and whispered, “He owes half of this audience money from his last project. I don’t care how convincing he is; no one will listen to him. I will give him credit though; his speech is very well developed and incredibly persuasive.”
Susan’s reaction to Fabian reflects a specific perspective from the Classical period of Greek and Roman scholars and orators who began the formal study of public speaking.
Select the historical figure who is credited for creating the five step process of developing a persuasive speech, a process that is still used today.
Cicero
Aspasia of Miletus
Plato
Socrates
Aristotle
Question 4 Nick was another speaker at the meeting. He dressed in a jacket and a pair of khakis and arrived early to ensure his laptop worked properly with the projection system. Nick began his speech by introducing himself; he nodded at colleagues and friends in the crowd as he made eye contact. He realized as he spoke that he hadn’t been around town very much since he started working in the city. “Oh, well—nothing really changes around here anyway,” he thought as he began his second slide.
Townspeople continued to enter the rear of the room during the speech. When he heard the rear door banging, Nick looked to the back of the room and realized that dozens of people were squeezing into the space and most were whispering among themselves.
Select the statement that best describes the environmental barrier to effective communication that Nick encountered during his speech.
Nick showed a gender bias in his speech by nodding at more men than women audience members.
Nick failed to engage his audience through eye contact while speaking.
Nick did not read the opinion pieces in the local paper about the project’s impact on the town’s environment and infrastructure.
Nick displayed an age and cultural bias by using technology in his presentation because not everyone in town owns or can use a laptop.
Nick’s attire was too casual for an important town meeting and hurt his presentation.
Nick did not adapt his presentation to the physical context of the room and the anticipated crowd.
Question 5 Tony was reviewing his cue cards as Fabian spoke. Fabian presented a graph illustrating the predicted five-year growth in tax revenue for the town from the housing development. Tony looked back at his cue cards and worried that he should have made a PowerPoint presentation too. Then Tony noticed that most of the crowd was not paying attention. Local townspeople were angrily whispering to those around them, while others sat with their arms crossed or looked at their phones. The only people who seemed to be listening were a few real estate agents and the town council.
Fabian, as the speaker or (A) , ignored the most important element of the speech communication model when preparing and giving his speech. Considering the demographics of the audience would have helped Fabian more effectively send his message to the (B) .
A expert distraction receiver channel sender
B receiver channel sender population council
Question 6 Tony finally got up to speak. In the audience were Mike, a neighbor of Tony’s, and Lynn, the guidance counselor at the local high school. While Tony paused to answer a question, Mike leaned over to Lynn.
“What do you think of the speeches so far? Isn’t Tony doing a great job?” asked Mike.
Lynn replied, “Fabian might have had a nice slideshow, but Tony really knows what’s important. I just really didn’t like when Fabian began talking down to us. Was it really necessary for him to explain what a “high rise apartment” was? Just because we’re in a blue-collar town, that doesn’t mean we don’t know things,” said Lynn.
Which audience element did Fabian forget to consider, according to Lynn?
Age
Sense of Humor
Values/Morals
Culture/Race
Gender
Occupation/Education
Question 7 At the close of the meeting, the secretary of the council asked for agenda items for next month, and said, “We currently have the following items on the agenda: the greenbelt, town history, and tax revenue.
She looked at Tony and quipped, “Should I put you down for next month, Tony? We figured you might have a new career in public speaking.” The audience laughed as Tony shook his head and said, “I think I’ll stick to dentistry for now.”
The type of speech a speaker prepares is determined by the purpose, audience, context, and topic of the speech.
Determine whether the speech topics listed below are persuasive, informative, or special occasion speeches.
= Correct Answer = Incorrect Answer
persuasive
informative
special occasion
An explanation of how often the greenway has been used by community members ages 30-55
A toast welcoming people to the yearly “Founder’s Day”
A speech arguing in favor of a tax on cigarettes
Question 8 Tony’s children were waiting when he arrived home after the town council meeting. “It’s late! Shouldn’t you all be in bed?” Tony asked they surrounded him in the kitchen.
“But we want to know how your big speech went. Mommy said we should cross our fingers for you because you were very nervous, Daddy,” answered his youngest, Marcie.
“It was no big deal. I was just nervous because I’ve never given a speech to an audience before,” Tony replied.
Although it can be intimidating to many people, speakers like Tony gain benefits from public speaking experience.
Match each type of benefit of public speaking with its corresponding example.
A.When arriving home to his family after giving his speech, Tony finds that his spouse has already done the evening chores.
B.A couple of new families in the neighborhood who attended the meeting were so impressed with Tony’s caring demeanor while speaking that they decided to use him as their family dentist.
C.After listening to Tony at the meeting, the city council decides to take a closer look at all measures of safety and security in his neighborhood.
D.Tony has surprised himself with how well the speech went and feels even more confident for a speech that he is set to deliver at a conference next month.
Networking
Personal
External
Question 9 The day after the town council meeting, one of Tony’s patients asked Tony if he had lots of experience in public speaking. Tony laughed and responded that dental school didn’t put too much emphasis on public speaking.
The patient then said, “Fabian should stick to making toasts in the future. He always had people in stitches when he gave toasts at the golf club or at weddings, but he really alienated people at the public meeting.”
Special occasion speeches differ from persuasive or (A) speeches in that they are given at special events. They also differ from persuasive speeches in that they tend to be less than (B) minutes long.
A humorous informative argumentative presentational commemorative
B ten five fifteen twenty two
Question 10 Tony’s last patient of the day asked whether he prepared for his speech or decided to “wing it.” Tony laughed and said the only way he can get up and speak in front of an audience is with a lot of preparation.
“I felt like I was writing a college term paper. The only difference was that I can’t stay up all night anymore,” Tony explained. Tony went on to describe how he prepared for his speech, from considering his audience, to choosing his topic, to gathering evidence.
“I practiced in front of the audience most likely to throw rotten tomatoes at me — my kids!” laughed Tony.
Match each public speaking best practice to its corresponding example.
After practicing with his kids, he realized that he needed to focus his speech on the two most important measurable changes he wished to see.
B.Tony heard a few audience members chuckle at his jokes and decided to add in a few more anecdotes as he went along.
C.Tony took a number of deep breaths as he looked out at the audience before he began to speak.
D.Tony wrote his speech knowing he would deliver it to families with school-age children and retirees.
Using feedback
Analyzing the audience
Scoping the speech
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