The Dean of Students has invited Sophie to speak during her upcoming graduation ceremony. He asks to review a detailed outline of Sophie’s speech before she writes her rough draft.
The Dean of Students has invited Sophie to speak during her upcoming graduation ceremony. He asks to review a detailed outline of Sophie’s speech before she writes her rough draft.
While preparing her outline, Sophie finds a graduation speech given by the class president 25 years ago. She decides to use this as the basis for her speech.
Order Sophie’s ideas according to where they should fall in her outline.
a. Sophie wants to read part of the 25-year-old speech that refers to political events of the time, without identifying the source first, as an attention-grabbing technique.
b. Sophie wants to explain that young people have always pushed the boundaries of technology.
c. Overall, Sophie wants to make the point that graduates should use the lessons of the past and challenges of the future to motivate them to push their boundaries and the boundaries of the economy.
d. Sophie wants to relate an anecdote about a young business leader who started a technology company despite many obstacles to illustrate the importance of believing in yourself even if you don’t have a lot of experience.
QUESTION 2
The audience at Sophie’s graduation will consist of over 1,000 people. Sophie’s grandparents, who are originally from Poland, are coming. Many friends and families of Sophie’s classmates are immigrants as well.
The audience will sit in the bleachers of an outdoor stadium, while the graduates will sit in the stands across from the guests and behind the stage erected in the center of the field.
Determine whether the advice below is Effective or Ineffective for selecting and highlighting Sophie’s main points.
Effective Ineffective
She is speaking at graduation, so she should not worry if her audience will care about the topic.
She should narrow the focus of her speech so that the audience is better able to focus.
She should think first about what the audience already knows about the topic.
QUESTION 3
As Sophie reads the graduation speech from 25 years ago, she can’t help but notice how life has improved for her generation thanks to changes in technology. She decides to argue that young people remain society’s more important innovators. She also wants to persuade her classmates to push boundaries and use social media to increase transparency in decision-making processes. She considers the different ways she could organize the main ideas of her speech.
Match the ways of ordering main points in a speech with a description of that ordering method.
Temporal
Spatial Patterns
Topical
A.Organizing information by explaining why something happened and then discussing the impact or results.
B.Speaking about your main points in the order that they occurred over time.
C.Describing information that can be further broken down into categories.
D.Describing the physical layout of a particular place.
QUESTION 4
Sophie has never written an outline for a speech before. Nor would she have written an outline for her graduation speech, but the dean insisted upon reviewing an outline to make sure it fit his standards.
There are different types of outlines that speakers use at different stages in the speech-writing process. Match the type of outline with the corresponding speech scenario.
Preparation outline
Rough draft outline
Speaking outline
A.Sophie has planned to compare senior quotes and goals in the 25-year-old yearbook to the goals of her classmates also graduating this year. She has done some of these interviews, but is hoping to get a few more so that she can find some clear themes.
B.Sophie’s speech is all about the change and growth that high school students experience. She decides to write down her main points, along with her intro, conclusion, and all transitions; she also includes notations where she needs to pause.
C.Sophie is a strong speaker. She has taken public speaking all four years of high school and is very good at staying on track. She has decided to use Roman numerals to organize a few key words and phrases, along with the full source citations she will be using.
D.Sophie has carefully planned her speech out in her head and will use this organization plan when she sits down to write her speech.
QUESTION 5
Sophie is struggling to narrow down her ideas to clear topics, so she sits down with her mother to discuss the speech.
“I want to talk about the world that graduates faced 25 years ago, compared with the world we face today,” Sophie says. “Well, maybe you should discuss technology first,” her mom replies.
Below are excerpts from Sophie’s introduction and conclusion.
Introduction: Twenty-five years ago, the graduating class president spoke about communication and the role that young people played in communication innovation. I will compare and contrast this to today’s young people to show young people will continue to be the biggest innovators in the next 25 years.
Conclusion: Graduates of today will continue to change the economy and decision-making structures of big business and politics if we continue to use technology to break down barriers.
Place the following sentences in the correct order as they would appear in Sophie’s speaking outline.
a. CERN labs built the first website in 1991 and the world-wide web was born
b. Software innovations made by recent graduates
c. Technology challenges conquered by the class who graduated 25 years ago
d. Many recent grads have gone on to work at Facebook, seeing their innovations influence media, business, and communities
QUESTION 6
Sophie’s first draft of her introduction reads as follows:
When I was in second grade, I had a pen pal in New Zealand. It took almost two weeks for our letters to make their way to and from Rotorua. Now second graders are learning how to use computers and send emails. Gone are the days when they have to wait weeks for a response.
Did you think I had a pen pal that I wrote to with pen and paper? No, when I was in second grade we had video calls with a class in China and used a live translation program.
James Cooper, who was the class president 25 years ago, wrote about his pen pal in his graduating speech. My name is Sophie Ramirez and I am the class president and have my own website.
I want to talk today about how the world has changed since then.
Which element of the introduction is missing from Sophie’s speech?
•A more complicated thesis statement to show the complexity of her argument.
•A personal story to connect her experience to the topic.
•A joke or funny quote to help the audience relax.
•Nothing, her current introduction is sufficient.
•A signal to the audience that the speech is coming to a close.
•A preview of the main points she will discuss in her speech.
QUESTION 7
A famous alum who runs a national newspaper has been asked to give an address at Sophie’s graduation. The class is excited for him to be on campus, but Sophie’s dad and grandmother don’t like the newspaper and feel that he caters to a liberal political agenda.
All speakers need to gain credibility with their audiences through attention to (A) self-presentation . Regardless of the speech type, the introduction does NOT need to include (B) statistics .
A evidence expertise logos jargon self-presentation
B a thesis a road map a sense of purpose statistics a hook
QUESTION 8
Before meeting with the dean, Sophie sends the following draft topic outline to her English teacher.
Thesis statement: 25 years ago, the class president spoke about communication and the role that young people play in communication innovation. I will compare and contrast this to today’s young people to show young people will continue to be the biggest innovators in the next 25 years.
Topic: Technology challenges conquered by the class who graduated 25 years ago were vast.
Supporting point: CERN labs built the first website in 1991 and the world-wide web was born.
Topic: Software innovations made by recent graduates
Supporting point: Facebook’s influence on media, business, and communities
Topic: The opportunities to influence technology and the economy for our graduating class
Sub-topic: Increasing transparency and public participation in decision-making structures through social media
Conclusion: Graduates of today will continue to change the economy and decision-making structures of big business and politics if we continue to use technology to break down barriers.
“Great job, Sophie,” her teacher replies, “But don’t forget to add some transitions!”
Match each sentence from Sophie’s speech with the type of transition it represents.
Preview
Signpost
Transitional phrase
A.To begin, I would like you to think about how hard it must have been for James to picture how the WWW would change his classmates lives in a couple of years. Tonight, I’ll attempt to predict two ways in which I think technology will change our lives.
B.It is now the norm for public figures, CEOs, and elected officials to be present on social media and we again see how this has changed decision-making.
C.Finally, Facebook opened up the stage to thousands of innovations in real time digital communication with effects so widespread they are hard to quantify.
D. Although technology was a wider frontier for James and his classmates, I think our generation faces an equal but different challenge that I’ll outline now.
QUESTION 9
After getting the dean’s approval for her outline, Sophie works on her conclusion:
“James probably couldn’t imagine having his own website and ‘followers’ from all over the world when he urged his fellow graduating seniors to scale walls and crash through barriers. I know we can do the same! I can’t wait to see what we all achieve and I know I will because we’re all ‘friends’ on Facebook. Congratulations class of 2016!”
Identify the best advice for Sophie to improve her conclusion.
•Sophie, you need to remind the audience of the most important pieces of information in your speech.
• Sophie, you should cut the summary at the end; the audience just got done listening to the speech.
•Sophie, you should make sure to end on a high, congratulatory note since this is a graduation speech.
•Sophie, your conclusion should be longer; it is way too short right now.
•Sophie, you want to make sure you come back to the attention getter that you used at the start of your speech.
•Sophie, your audience doesn’t know what you do moving forward; what do you want them to remember from your speech?
QUESTION 10
Below is the final draft of Sophie’s conclusion:
“Today is bittersweet for all of us as we mark the end of our time here and look forward to new adventures. While James Cooper probably couldn’t imagine having his own website and ‘followers’ from all over the world when he urged his fellow graduating seniors to scale walls and crash through barriers 25 years ago, we are fortunate to be ahead of the tech curve. We can predict that technology will play a role in our future careers and lives. We can also plan to be the creators of new innovations. I hope that I’ve made it clear today that we should all continue to be rule breakers, technology explorers, and social innovators who will continue to open up our institutions to new influences. I can’t wait to see what we all achieve and I know I will because we’re all ‘friends’ on Facebook. Congratulations class of 2016!”
Choose the statement that is an example of a transitional phrase.
•“I can’t wait to see what we all achieve and I know I will because we’re all ‘friends’ on Facebook.”
•“While James Cooper probably couldn’t imagine having his own website and ‘followers’ from all over the world when he urged his fellow graduating seniors to scale walls and crash through barriers 25 years ago, we are fortunate to be ahead of the tech curve.”
•”We can also plan to be the creators of new innovations.”
•“I hope that I’ve made it clear today that we should all continue to be rule breakers, technology explorers, and social innovators who will continue to open up our institutions to new influences.”
•“Congratulations class of 2016!”
•”Today is bittersweet for all of us as we mark the end of our time here and look forward to new adventures.”
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