Alterations in Cellular Processes

Alterations in Cellular Processes

 

At its core, pathology is the study of disease. Diseases occur for many reasons. But some, such as cystic fibrosis and Parkinson’s Disease, occur because of alterations that prevent cells from functioning normally.

 

Understanding of signals and symptoms of alterations in cellular processes is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For the Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.

 

For this Discussion, you examine a case study and explain the disease that is suggested. You examine the symptoms reported and explain the cells that are involved and potential alterations and impacts.

 

To prepare:

 

By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific scenario for this Discussion. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.

 

By Day 3 of Week 1

 

Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation:

 

The role genetics plays in the disease.

 

Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described.

 

The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.

 

The cells that are involved in this process.

 

How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response.

 

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

 

By Day 6 of Week 1

 

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days and respectfully agree or disagree with your colleague’s assessment and explain your reasoning. In your explanation, include why their explanations make physiological sense or why they do not

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NURS6501 Advanced Pathophysiology

 

Week 3 Knowledge Check   

 

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders

 

In this exercise, you will complete a 10- to 20-question Knowledge Check to gauge your understanding of this module’s content. 

 

Possible topics covered in this Knowledge Check include:

 

myocardial infarction

 

endocarditis

 

myocarditis

 

valvular disorders

 

lipid panels

 

coagulation

 

clotting cascade

 

deep vein thrombosis

 

hypertension

 

heart failure

 

COPD

 

asthma

 

pneumonias

 

Question 1Sympathetic stimulation causes airways to:

 

Question 2 Ischemic pain in the lower extremities that occurs while walking but disappears when resting is a description of which condition?

 

Question 3How much oxygen does the myocardium extract from the coronary arteries?

 

Question 4 Stimulation of the carina often causes: 

 

Question 5A person who has pulmonary edema will exhibit which symptoms?

 

Question 6Passage of fluid and/or solid particles into the lungs is a(n):

 

Question 7The tunica media is the middle layer of blood vessels and is composed of what type of tissue?

 

Question 8A patient that is hyperventilating will have a decreased:

 

Question 9Inflammatory disease of peripheral arteries that usually is associated with smoking is a description of which condition?

 

Question 10  Parasympathetic stimulation causes airways to:

 

 

 

NURS6501 Advanced Pathophysiology

 

Week 5 Knowledge Check

 

Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders

 

In this exercise, you will complete a 10- to 20-question Knowledge Check to gauge your understanding of this module’s content. 

 

Possible topics covered in this Knowledge Check include:

 

Ulcers

 

Hepatitis markers

 

After HP shots

 

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

 

Pancreatitis

 

Liver failure—acute and chronic

 

Gall bladder disease

 

Inflammatory bowel disease

 

Diverticulitis

 

Jaundice

 

Bilirubin

 

Gastrointestinal bleed – upper and lower

 

Hepatic encephalopathy

 

Intra-abdominal infections (e.g., appendicitis)

 

Renal blood flow

 

Glomerular filtration rate

 

Kidney stones

 

Infections – urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis

 

Acute kidney injury

 

Renal failure – acute and chronic

 

Question 1The decreased renal excretion of sodium and water  is caused by what substance? 

 

Question 2A patient with massive proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia,  and edema is experiencing classic symptoms of:

 

Question 3Untreated enlarged prostate can cause what type of acute kidney injury?

 

Question 4 Women who have symptoms of cystitis for more than 6 weeks with negative urine cultures may have:

 

Question 5Which of these structures are located in the renal medulla?

 

Question 6Reabsorption of large amounts of sodium, water, glucose, amino acids; net reabsorption of bicarbonate; secretion of H1, organic acids, and many medications occurs in what portion of the kidney?

 

Question 7Secretion of potassium, ammonia, and H1; site of action of aldosterone and ADH occurs in what portion of the kidney?

 

Question 8

 

A patient with sudden onset of oliguria with elevated plasma BUN and plasma creatinine levels is experiencing classic symptoms of:

 

Question 9Bile acid are recycled by the body and absorbed via:  

 

Question 10Para-aminohippuric acid is  used to estimate what?

 

Question 11Hepatocytes synthesize the primary bile acids from _______________

 

Question 12Sympathetic stimulation of the renal arterioles causes what reaction?

 

Question 13Two disease processes associated with chronic glomerulonephritis are:

 

Question 14Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis can cause what type of acute kidney injury?

 

Question 15The functional glomeruli are located in what part of the kidney?

 

Question 16Cells that remove bacteria and foreign particles from blood in the hepatic sinusoids are called?

 

Question 17Cells that  metabolize nutrients, detoxify chemicals, secrete bile, synthesize albumin and clotting factors, and other functions are called?

 

Question 18The external urethral sphincter is under the voluntary control of what somatic motor nerve?

 

Question 19Acute mesenteric ischemia damages the intestinal mucosa and can eventually cause:

 

Question 20 A salivary enzyme that digests carbohydrates is called __________________

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NURS6501 Advanced Pathophysiology

 

Week 6 Knowledge Check

 

 Endocrine Disorders 

 

In this exercise, you will complete a 10-20 question Knowledge Check to gauge your understanding of this module’s content. 

 

Possible topics covered in this Knowledge Check include:

 

Diabetes

 

Hyper- and hypothyroidism

 

Adrenal disorders

 

Parathyroidism (hyper and hypo)

 

Checks & balances / negative feedback

 

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone

 

Pheochromocytosis

 

Diabetes insipidus

 

Diabetic ketoacidosis

 

Photo Credit: Getty Images/Science Photo Library RF

 

(Note: It is strongly recommended that you take the Knowledge Check at least 48 hours before taking the Midterm Exam.)

 

Complete the Knowledge Check By Day 5 of Week 6

 

Question 1          Dysfunction of the posterior pituitary can cause:                                              

 

Question 2          Dysfunction of the thyroid gland can cause:                                        

 

Question 3          Cell that stores fat are known as:                                             

 

Question 4          Primary hyperparathyroidism can lead to the development of:                                                 

 

Question 5          Dysfunction of the anterior pituitary can cause:                                                

 

Question 6          Type of adipose tissue, located viscerally and subcutaneously, with adipocytes that have one lipid droplet are called as:                                     

 

Question 7          In autoimmune-mediated diabetes pancreatic beta cells are destroyed by autoreactive  ______________________

 

Question 8          Water-soluble hormones generally have a short half-life                                              

 

Question 9          Weakness, fatigue, hypotension, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, elevated ACTH are symptoms of what condition?                                          

 

Question 10        Plasma calcium concentration is regulated by what hormone?                                   

 

Question 11        A person who has an iodine-deficient diet will have difficulty making enough of what hormone? 

 

Question 12        Type of adipose tissue located in bone marrow is called:                                              

 

Question 13        Extracellular fluid volume and plasma potassium concentration is regulated by what hormone?                                

 

Question 14        HIgh levels of what hormone is common in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)?                                             

 

Question 15        Cytokines and hormones secreted by adipose tissue are known as _______________                                               

 

Question 16        Enlargement of the thyroid gland  is a response to increased stimulation by ______________                 

 

Question 17        Low hormone concentrations usually cause cells to _________________ receptors for that hormone.                 

 

Question 18        Lethargy, hyponatremia, perhaps seizure, decreased plasma osmolality, concentrated urine are symptoms of what condition?                                         

 

Question 19        Where are incretins released from?

 

Question 20        Cretinism is caused by untreated congenital _______________ .                                           

 

                                               

 

NURS6501 Advanced Pathophysiology

 

Week 7 Knowledge Check

 

Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders

 

In this exercise, you will complete a 10-20 question Knowledge Check to gauge your understanding of this module’s content. 

 

Possible topics covered in this Knowledge Check include:

 

Stroke

 

Multiple sclerosis

 

Transient Ischemic Attack

 

Myasthenia gravis

 

Headache

 

Seizure disorders

 

Head injury

 

Spinal cord injury

 

Inflammatory diseases of the musculoskeletal system

 

Osteoporosis

 

Osteopenia

 

Bursitis

 

Tendinitis

 

Gout

 

Lyme Disease

 

Spondylosis

 

Fractures

 

Parkinson’s

 

Alzheimer’s

 

Three basic bone-formations:

 

Osteoblasts

 

Osteocytes

 

Osteoclasts

 

Question 1What brain structure is responsible for the thermoregulation and heat production in the body?

 

Answers:            

 

hypothalamus

 

thalamus

 

cerebellum

 

pons

 

Question 2Involuntary slow, twisting, writhing movement is called:

 

Answers:            

 

Athetosis

 

 Apraxia

 

Aphasia

 

Agnosia

 

Question 3Demyelination of the axon in peripheral nerves is the cause of:

 

Answers:            

 

Huntingtons

 

Horners Syndrome

 

Multiple sclerosis

 

Guillian Barre Syndrome

 

Question 4During what stage of sleep does nocturnal angina occur? 

 

Answers:            

 

Stage N1

 

REM sleep

 

slow-wave

 

Stage N2

 

Question 5Damage to an upper motor neuron will cause muscle ________________________

 

Answers:            

 

spasticity

 

flaccidity

 

tremor

 

paralysis

 

Question 6Damage to a lower motor neuron will cause muscle ________________________

 

Answers:            

 

spasticity

 

flaccidity

 

tremor

 

paralysis

 

Question 7Which substances stimulates bone re absorption?

 

Answers:            

 

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and  estrogen

 

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and  tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a)

 

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and t umor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a)

 

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and estrogen

 

Question 8Substance that gives synovial fluid its viscous quality is called:

 

Answers:            

 

Epiphysis

 

Myoglobin

 

Hyaluronate

 

Diaphysis

 

Question 9Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system would cause:

 

Answers:            

 

Increased diameter of pupils, dry mouth, and dilation of bronchioles

 

Contraction of bladder detrusor muscle, bradycardia, and  increased salivation

 

Decreased diameter of pupils, dry mouth, and decreased  plasma free fatty acids

 

Relaxation of bladder detrusor muscle, tachycardia, and  increased salivation

 

Question 10Inflammation in small fluid-filled sacs located between tendons, muscles, and bony prominences is called?

 

Answers:            

 

Septic joint

 

Epicondylitis

 

Bursitis

 

Nonunion

 

Question 11Status  epilepticus is when:

 

Answers:            

 

seizures that continue without interruption for at least ten minutes

 

seizures that continue without interruption for at least five minutes

 

intermittent seizures occurring over at least 30 minutes

 

grand mal seizures leading to respiratory arrest

 

Question 12Which substances inhibit bone re absorption?

 

Answers:            

 

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and  estrogen

 

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and  tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a)

 

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and t umor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a)

 

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and estrogen

 

Question 13Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI are necessary for normal movement of the:

 

Answers:            

 

cheeks

 

lips

 

tongue

 

eye

 

Question 14Brain system that includes the amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus is called:

 

Answers:            

 

Axon

 

Dendrite

 

Limbic

 

 Myelin

 

Question 15Inability to perform purposeful or skilled motor actions is called:

 

Answers:            

 

 Athetosis

 

Apraxia

 

Aphasia

 

Agnosia

 

Question 16Which of the following conditions are have a fungal cause?

 

Answers:            

 

Lichen planus and lupus erythematosus

 

Erysipelas and impetigo

 

Tinea pedis and candidiasis

 

Erysipelas and candidiasis

 

Question 17Impaired recognition of tactile, visual, or auditory stimuli is called:

 

Answers:            

 

 Athetosis

 

 Apraxia

 

 Aphasia

 

Agnosia

 

Question 18A neuron extension that carries impulses toward the cell body is called:

 

Answers:            

 

Axon

 

Dendrite

 

Limbic

 

 Myelin

 

Question 19Visual, sensory, or motor symptoms that may last up to an hour prior to the onset of a headache is called:

 

Answers:            

 

Headache phase

 

Migraine aura

 

Premonitory phase

 

Recovery phase

 

Question 20Neurons with cell bodies in the substantia nigra use _______________ as a neurotransmitter.

 

Answers:            

 

norepinephrine

 

epinephrine

 

dopamine

 

serotonin

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NURS6501 Advanced Pathophysiology

 

Week 9 Knowledge Check

 

Psychological Disorders

 

In this exercise, you will complete a 10-20 question Knowledge Check to gauge your understanding of this module’s content. 

 

Possible topics covered in this Knowledge Check include:

 

Generalized anxiety disorder

 

Depression

 

Bipolar disorders

 

Schizophrenia

 

Delirium and dementia

 

Obsessive compulsive disease

 

Question 1 The neurobiology of depression is believed to be related to the atrophy of neurons in the:

 

Answers:            

 

Hypothalamus

 

hippocampus

 

thalmus

 

amygdala

 

Question 2The APRN is treating a patient with bipolar 1 disorder.  The major focus of treatment is on:

 

Answers:            

 

mania

 

depression

 

anxiety

 

panic attacks

 

Question 3Abnormalities in brain development related to schizophrenia are thought to develop when?

 

Answers:            

 

 Prenatal

 

Infancy

 

Early Childhood

 

Adolescent

 

Question 4 A patient with schizophrenia will have alterations in their dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.   The APRN would expect it to be described as:

 

Answers:            

 

stimulated

 

absent

 

hyperactive

 

hypoactive

 

Question 5The APRN is assessing a patient that states that Napoleon Bonaparte is the King of France even thought he has a book that says he is dead.   This is an example of:

 

Answers:            

 

 Delusion

 

Hallucination

 

Anhedonia

 

Pressured speech

 

Question 6

 

The APRN would expect to find elevated blood levels of which of the following markers for patients with a diagnosis of depression?

 

Answers:            

 

Proinflammatory cytokines and pH

 

 Calcium and Cortisol

 

Calcium and pH

 

Proinflammatory cytokines and cortisol

 

Question 7Which of the following are positive clinical manifestations of schizophrenia?

 

Answers:            

 

Social withdraw, blunted affect, and failure to respond to simple questions

 

Hallucinations, delusions, and incoherent speech

 

Hallucinations, blunted affect, and social withdraw

 

Delusions, hallucinations, and failure to respond to simple questions

 

Question 8What type of thoughts are characteristic of post traumatic stress disorder? 

 

Answers:            

 

disorganized

 

intrusive

 

anxious

 

disturbing

 

Question 9The APRN is assessing a patient that is talking so rapidly and urgently that it is difficult to understand.    This is an example of:

 

Answers:            

 

Delusion

 

Hallucination

 

Anhedonia

 

Pressured speech

 

Question 10Which of the following are negative clinical manifestations of schizophrenia?

 

Answers:

 

 Social withdraw, blunted affect, and failure to respond to simple questions

 

Hallucinations, delusions, and incoherent speech

 

Hallucinations, blunted affect, and social withdraw

 

Delusions, hallucinations, and failure to respond to simple questions

 

 

 

NURS6501 Advanced Pathophysiology

 

Week 10 Knowledge Check

 

Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders

 

In this exercise, you will complete a 10-20-question Knowledge Check to gauge your understanding of this module’s content. 

 

Possible topics covered in this Knowledge Check include:

 

Sexually transmitted diseases

 

Prostate

 

Epididymitis

 

Factors that affect fertility

 

Reproductive health

 

Alterations and fertility

 

Anemia

 

ITP and TTP

 

DIC

 

Thrombocytopeni

 

Question 1How does bacteria reach the prostate to cause acute bacterial prostatitis?

 

Answers:            

 

blood circulation

 

through the urinary tract

 

via the  testes

 

through the epididymis

 

Question 2Pernicious anemia is characterized as:

 

Answers:            

 

 Macrocytic-normochromic

 

Microcytic-normochromic

 

Macrocytic-hypochromic

 

Microcytic-hypochromic

 

Question 3The production of sperm in the male occurs:

 

Answers:            

 

at birth

 

only during fetal life

 

at puberty

 

during orgasm

 

Question 4

 

HPV serotypes 16 and 18 are associated with ____________________.

 

 

 

Answers:            

 

genital warts

 

anogenital cancer

 

PID

 

Endometriosis

 

Question 5The production of ova in the female occurs:

 

Answers:            

 

at birth

 

only during fetal life

 

at puberty

 

during menstruation

 

Question 6What type of organism is gonorrhea caused by?

 

Answers:            

 

 Gram-negative diplococci

 

Anaerobic spirochete

 

Gram-negative intracellular bacterium

 

Gram positive rod

 

Question 7Hemolysis from a mismatched blood transfusion is an example of what type of hemolytic anemia?

 

Answers:            

 

autoimmune

 

intravascular

 

alloimmune

 

extravascular

 

Question 8In the bone marrow, hematopoietic stem cells in the osteoblastic niche are active.

 

Answers:            

 

True

 

False

 

Question 9All types of leukemia are characterized by uncontrolled production of white blood cells in the bone marrow that thereby decreases the amount and function of erythrocytes and platelets.

 

Answers:            

 

True

 

False

 

Question 10 In males, LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce _______________

 

Answers:            

 

androgens

 

testosterone

 

estrogen

 

progesterone

 

Question 11After iron is absorbed it is stored inside cells attached to  ______________.

 

Answers:            

 

transferrin

 

ferritin

 

ferroportin

 

hemosiderin

 

Question 12Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) begins in the what area of the prostate?

 

Answers:            

 

periphery

 

inner layers

 

central zone

 

transition zone

 

Question 13

 

What type of organism is Chlamydia caused by?

 

Answers:            

 

Gram-negative diplococci

 

Anaerobic spirochete

 

Gram-negative intracellular bacterium

 

Gram positive rod

 

Question 14Which of the following stimulates bone marrow to produce more  platelets? 

 

Answers:            

 

Plasminogen

 

Thrombopoietin

 

Erythropoietin

 

 Plasmin

 

Question 15Which of the following cells are agranulocytes?

 

Answers:            

 

 Macrophage, natural killer cell, and  lymphocyte

 

Neutrophil, basophil, and eosinophil

 

Monocyte, basophil, and eosinphil

 

Neutrophil,  natural killer cell, and  lymphocyte

 

Question 16What is the most common prostate cancer in men?

 

Answers:            

 

squamous cell carcinoma

 

sarcoma

 

adenocarcinoma

 

transitional cell carcinoma

 

Question 17 The risk for developing gonorrhea from vaginal or anal intercourse with an infected partner is greater for the receptive partner.

 

Answers:            

 

True

 

False

 

Question 18What is the  enzyme that dissolves clots?  

 

Answers:            

 

Thrombopoietin

 

 Tissue thromboplastin

 

Plasmin

 

Myoglobin

 

Question 19The release of what chemical causes chronic inflammation leading to anemia of chronic disease by decreasing the availability of iron and inhibiting erythroid progenitors?

 

Answers:            

 

macrophages

 

cytokines

 

antibodies

 

hapten

 

Question 20In a patient with polycystic ovary syndrome, the APRN would expect which hormone changes?

 

Answers:            

 

Increased androgens and decreased estrogens

 

Decreased androgens and increased estrogens

 

Increased androgens and increased estrogens

 

Decreased androgens and decreased estrogens

 

 

 

NURS6501 Advanced Pathophysiology

 

Week 11 Knowledge Check

 

Pediatrics

 

In this exercise, you will complete a 10-20 question Knowledge Check to gauge your understanding of this module’s content. 

 

Possible topics covered in this Knowledge Check include:

 

Growth and development

 

Normal growth patterns

 

Scoliosis (ortho)

 

Kawasaki

 

Alterations in children

 

Congenital (heart syndrome)

 

PDAs

 

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

 

Asthma

 

Lead poisoning and effects on neurological functioning

 

Sickle cell

 

Hemophilia

 

Question 1What is the function of Protein S?

 

Question 2 Von Willebrand disease is a genetic condition that causes: (thrombotic, hemorrhagic) condition.

 

Question 3During the first five years of life, the respiratory system continues to develop and the number of what structure increases?

 

Question 4Children with Down’s Syndrome has an increased risk of developing which type of cancer?

 

Question 5Infants that have seizures typically have what types of symptoms due to the normal development of the nervous system?

 

Question 6A child with MYCN oncogene is at risk for developing which type of cancer?

 

Question 7Pruritic linear lesions that itch more at night that may have more vesicles and papules describes which of the following conditions?

 

Question 8Marasmus is a severe deficiency of what?

 

Question 9A ventricular septal defect will cause what type of  blood shunting?

 

Question 10Which of the following about Roseaola is FALSE?

 

Question 11Which of the following characteristics of Impetigo is FALSE?

 

Question 12Cerebral palsy involves what type of defects?

 

Question 13Children who have atopic dermatitis often have elevated levels of ______________________.

 

Question 14Which of the following is true of people that have sickle cell anemia?

 

Question 15An infant with a congenital defect involving a hole in the septum between the two lower chambers of the heart has a _______________________.

 

Question 16A coarctation of the aorta will cause what type of  blood shunting?

 

Question 17What are the two most common malignant bone tumors of childhood?

 

Question 18What is the function of G6P4?

 

Question 19A tetrology of flow will cause what type of  blood shunting?

 

Question 20Red, round, and scaling patches with a clear center that occur mostly on the face, trunk, and limbs in an asymmetrical distribution describes which of the following conditions?

 

 

 

 

 

NURS6501 Advanced Pathophysiology

 

Week 2 Assignment  

 

Case Study Analysis

 

An understanding of cells and cell behavior is a critically important component of disease diagnosis and treatment. But some diseases can be complex in nature, with a variety of factors and circumstances impacting their emergence and severity.

 

Effective disease analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond isolated cell behavior. Genes, the environments in which cell processes operate, the impact of patient characteristics, and racial and ethnic variables all can have an important impact.

 

Photo Credit: Getty Images/Hero Images

 

An understanding of the signals and symptoms of alterations in cellular processes is a critical step in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs, this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.

 

In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify cell, gene, and/or process elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.

 

To prepare:

 

By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.

 

The Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)

 

Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis in which you:

 

Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.

 

Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.

 

Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.

 

By Day 7 of Week 2

 

Submit your Case Study Analysis Assignment by Day 7 of Week 2.

 

Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The sample paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

 

Submission and Grading Information

 

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

 

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “M1Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

 

Click the Module 1 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

 

Click the Module 1 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

 

Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “M1Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.

 

If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.

 

Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NURS6501 Advanced Pathophysiology

 

Week 4 Assignment  

 

Case Study Analysis

 

An understanding of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critically important component of disease diagnosis and treatment. This importance is magnified by the fact that these two systems work so closely together. A variety of factors and circumstances that impact the emergence and severity of issues in one system can have a role in the performance of the other.

 

Effective disease analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond these systems and their capacity to work together. The impact of patient characteristics, as well as racial and ethnic variables, can also have an important impact.

 

Photo Credit: yodiyim – stock.adobe.com

 

An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.

 

In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.

 

To prepare:

 

By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.

 

Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)

 

In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following

 

The cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that result in the patient presenting these symptoms.

 

Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.

 

How these processes interact to affect the patient.

 

By Day 7 of Week 4

 

Submit your Case Study Analysis Assignment by Day 7 of Week 4

 

Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The sample paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

 

Submission and Grading Information

 

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

 

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “M2Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

 

Click the Module 2 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

 

Click the Module 2 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

 

Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “M2Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.

 

If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.

 

Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

 

 

 

NURS6501 Advanced Pathophysiology

 

Week 8 Assignment

 

Case Study Analysis

 

An understanding of the neurological and musculoskeletal systems is a critically important component of disease and disorder diagnosis and treatment. This importance is magnified by the impact that that these two systems can have on each other. A variety of factors and circumstances affecting the emergence and severity of issues in one system can also have a role in the performance of the other.

 

Effective analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond these systems and their mutual impact. For example, patient characteristics such as, racial and ethnic variables can play a role.

 

Photo Credit: jijomathai – stock.adobe.com

 

An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in neurological and musculoskeletal systems is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment. For APRNs this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.

 

In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.

 

To prepare:

 

By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.

 

Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)

 

In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following:

 

Both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes that would account for the patient presenting these symptoms.

 

Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.

 

How these processes interact to affect the patient.

 

Day 7 of Week 8

 

Submit your Case Study Analysis Assignment by Day 7 of Week 8.

 

Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The sample paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

 

Submission and Grading Information

 

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

 

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “M5Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

 

Click the Module 5 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

 

Click the Module 5 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

 

Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “M5Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.

 

If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.

 

Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

 

 

 

NURS6501 Advanced Pathophysiology

 

Week 10 Assignment

 

Case Study Analysis

 

An understanding of the factors surrounding women’s and men’s health, infections, and hematologic disorders can be critically important to disease diagnosis and treatment in these areas. This importance is magnified by the fact that some diseases and disorders manifest differently based on the sex of the patient.

 

Effective disease analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond the human systems involved. The impact of patient characteristics, as well as racial and ethnic variables, can also have an important impact..

 

An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in systems based on these characteristics is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs, this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.

 

In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.

 

To prepare:

 

By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.

 

Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)

 

In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following:

 

The factors that affect fertility (STDs).

 

Why inflammatory markers rise in STD/PID.

 

Why prostatitis and infection happens. Also explain the causes of systemic reaction.

 

Why a patient would need a splenectomy after a diagnosis of ITP.

 

Anemia and the different kinds of anemia (i.e., micro and macrocytic).

 

Day 7 of Week 10

 

Submit your Case Study Analysis Assignment by Day 7 of Week 10

 

Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The sample paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

 

Submission and Grading Information

 

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

 

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “M7Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

 

Click the Module 7 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

 

Click the Module 7  Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

 

Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “M7Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.

 

If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.

 

Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NURS6501 Advanced Pathophysiology

 

Week 6 Midterm Exam

 

•             Question 1          When completing this exam, did you comply with Walden University’s Code of Conduct including the expectations for academic integrity?                                             

 

•             Question 2          A healthcare professional is assessing a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty-first chromosome. What findings does the professional relate to this condition?                                                                        

 

•             Question 3          The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept?                                       

 

•             Question 4          Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain microorganisms because of what?    

 

•             Question 5          Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism?                                               

 

•             Question 6          A healthcare professional is conducting community education on vaccinations. Which statement about vaccines does the professional include in the presentation?                                          

 

•             Question 7          The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to which factor?                                               

 

                Question 8          A patient has diabetes mellitus. A recent urinalysis showed increased amounts of protein. What therapy does the healthcare provider educate the patient that is specific to this disorder?                                          

 

•             Question 9          A healthcare professional is working with a person who drinks several 6-packs of beer a week. What testing does the professional encourage the person to get?                                           

 

•             Question 10        A healthcare professional is assessing a child whose parents report poor grades in school, trouble paying attention, and naughty behaviors that have become so frequent the child is always in trouble. For which health condition should the professional facilitate testing?        

 

NURS6501 Advanced Pathophysiology

 

Week 11 Final Exam

 

Question 1A patient reports frequent nightmares. For which of these should the healthcare professional assess the patient?

 

Question 2A man has balanitis. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?

 

Question 3Which mother does the healthcare professional prepare to administer Rh immune globulin (Rho-GAM) to?

 

Question 4What initiates inflammation in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?

 

Question 5An infant has a continuous machine-type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole. The healthcare professional suspects a congenital heart disorder. What other assessment finding is inconsistent with the professional’s knowledge about this disorder?

 

Question 6A person has abnormally severe tooth decay and erosion of the tooth enamel. What problem should the health care professional assess the person for?

 

Question 7The health care professional is caring for a person who has a pathologic fracture. The patient asks the professional to explain the condition. What response by the professional is best?

 

Question 8A patient had a seizure that consisted of impaired consciousness and the appearance of a dreamlike state. How does the healthcare professional chart this episode?

 

Question 9A patient has been diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and asks the healthcare professional to describe it. What description by the professional is most accurate?

 

Question 10A woman has been diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome but is confused because her pelvic ultrasound (US) was read as normal and did not show cysts. What response by the health care professional is most appropriate?

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