Second President of the Commonwealth
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Sergio S. Osmeña Sr.
(Born – September 9, 1878, Died – October 19, 1961)
Second President of the Commonwealth
(Term: August 1, 1944 – May 27, 1946)
Filipino statesman, founder of the Nacionalista Party
(Partido Nacionalista) and president of the Philippines from
1944 to 1946.
His family
He was born in Cebu, on September 9, 1878. Son of Juana
Osmeña Y. Suico.
His birthplace was a medium-size house of wood with
tin can roofing. He was brought up in a wholesome
atmosphere.
His education
He was enrolled by his mother in a private school of
Miguel Logarta, a local lawyer-educator. Not long before, the latter discovered how intellectually gifted his young pupil
was. Later, Osmeña entered the Seminary College of San
Carlos for his secondary course. In 1892, he finished his studies
in San Carlos. To pursue his studies, he went to Manila and
studied at Letran. He first met Manuel L. Quezon, one of his
classmates. He took up law at the University of Santo Tomas,
although his studies was interrupted by the war conflict
between Spain and America, he and the rest of his classmates
were allowed by the Supreme Court to take the Examinations
in that year of 1903. He got an average of 95.66%, second
placer in the bar examination.
His political career
A lawyer, he espoused the cause of independence
through peaceful means as editor of Cebu newspaper El Nuevo
Dia (New Day), which he founded in 1900. Upon the return
of Governor Climaco from the United States in 1904, the
United States colonial administration appointed him governor
of the province of Cebu and fiscal (district attorney) for the
province of Cebu and Negros Oriental. Two years later, he
was elected delegate to the Philippine National Assembly and
founded the Nationalist Party, which came to dominate
Philippine political life.
His important contribution in Philippine politics
Osmeña remained leader of the Nacionalista until 1921,
when he was succeeded by Manuel L. Quezon, who had
joined him in a coalition. Made speaker of the house of
representative in 1916, he served until his election to the Senate
in 1923. In 1933, he went to Washington D.C. to secure passage
of the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Independence Bill, but Quezon
differed with Osmeña over the bill’s provision to retain U.S.
military bases after independence. The bill, vetoed by the
Philippine Assembly, was superseded by the Tydings
McDuffie Act of March 1934, making the Philippines a
commonwealth with a large measure of independence. The
following years, Osmeña became the vice-president, with
Quezon as president. He remained vice-president during the
Japanese occupation when the government was in exile in
Washington D.C. On the death of Quezon in August 1944,
Osmeña became president. He served as president until the elections of April 1946, when he was defeated by Manuel
Roxas, who became the first president of the independent
republic of the Philippines.
The last years of his life
Osmeña thereafter retired to his hometown in Cebu,
where he spent the remaining, days of his life, until he died
on October 19, 1961 at the age of 83. With his death, the nation
lost a towering Molave of the race.
First wife, Estefania Veloso. Most of their eight children
are now deceased. One of those alive is Mrs. Poloming
Osmeña Charnley, retired in Cebu City. From his second wife,
Esperanza Linjap, the children are Rosie Osmeña Valencia who
is involved in Manila Society; and Ramon, and Victor who
live in Cebu.
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