Authorship
For the past several months you have been instructed to watch films by Bong Joon-ho (The Host and Parasite), the Daniels (Everything Everywhere All at Once), Brian De Palma (Mission: Impossible), Clint Eastwood (Gran Torino), Greta Gerwig (Lady Bird), Alfred Hitchcock (Rear Window), Spike Lee (He Got Game), Michael Moore (Bowling for Columbine), and Orson Welles (Citizen Kane). I want you to watch at least one more film directed by one of the filmmakers listed and explore the DEEP STRUCTURE of your chosen director—what are his or her marks of authorship? Do you notice similarities in narrative form and style? What is the filmmaker’s worldview and temperament? What is the filmmaker’s age and cultural background? Is the director aware of his or her patterns or is he or she unconscious of what is clearly a DEEP STRUCTURE you can make sense of? What is at the core of his or her film authorship? Again, you only need to watch one more film by one of the directors listed, but you are not limited to one. The more films you watch, the more you will notice that director’s DEEP STRUCTURE. If you pick Greta Gerwig that’s easy—your only other choice is Little Women (2019). You may also use Francis Ha (Noah Baumbach, 2012), which Gerwig stars in and co-wrote. The same for the Daniels—their only other feature film is Swiss Army Man (2016). For Bong Joon-ho, you can choose from Barking Dogs Never Bite (2000), Memories of Murder (2003), Mother (2009), Snowpiercer (2013), or Okja (2017). Michael Moore has been busy since the mid 1990s, but I would strongly recommend watching his first film Roger & Me (1989). If you want something more recent try Capitalism: A Love Story (2009), Where to Invade Next (2015), or Fahrenheit 11/9 (2018). Or check out his one narrative fiction film, Canadian Bacon (1995). Orson Welles may be best known for Citizen Kane, but some of his later films deserve equal attention. Check out The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), Welles’ follow-up to Citizen Kane that RKO reedited without his consent (you can tell that he did not direct the final scenes). There’s also The Lady from Shanghai (1947) and Chimes at Midnight (1966), but the real standout is Touch of Evil (1958), which is essential viewing. Brian De Palma, Clint Eastwood, Alfred Hitchcock, and Spike Lee are much more prolific. For Eastwood, I recommend one of the following: Play Misty for Me (1971), High Plains Drifter (1973), Bronco Billy (1980), Pale Rider (1985), Heartbreak Ridge (1986), White Hunter, Black Heart (1990), Unforgiven (1992), A Perfect World (1993), The Bridges of Madison County (1995), Blood Work (2002), Mystic River (2003), Million Dollar Baby (2004), Flags of Our Fathers (2006), American Sniper (2014), Sully (2016), The Mule (2018), Richard Jewel (2019), or Cry Macho (2021). For Lee, I recommend one of the following: She’s Gotta Have It (1986), School Daze (1988), Jungle Fever (1991), Malcolm X (1992), Crooklyn (1994), Clockers (1995), Girl 6 (1996), 4 Little Girls (1997), He Got Game (1998), Summer of Sam (1999), Bamboozled (2000), 25th Hour (2002), Inside Man (2006), Da Sweet Blood of Jesus (2014), Chi-Raq (2015), or Da 5 Bloods (2020). For Hitchcock, there is a lot to choose from. If you want a sample of his British period, try Blackmail (1929), The 39 Steps (1939), Sabotage (1936), or Frenzy (1972). Hitchcock moved to Hollywood in the early1940s and directed dozens of classic studio films. Of those I recommend Shadow of a Doubt (1943), Notorious (1946), Rope (1948), Strangers on a Train (1951), The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956), The Wrong Man (1956), Vertigo (1958), North by Northwest (1959), Psycho (1960), The Birds (1963), and Marnie (1964). If you like James Stewart from Rear Window he also stars in Rope, The Man Who Knew Too Much, and Vertigo. De Palma pays homage to Hitchcock and Rear Window in Sisters (1973) and Body Double (1984). Other De Palma “takes” on Hitchcock include Obsession (1976), Dressed to Kill (1980), and Raising Cain (1992). Other key De Palma films include Phantom of the Paradise (1974), Carrie (1976), Blow Out (1981), Scarface (1983), The Untouchables (1987), Casualties of War (1988), Carlito’s Way (1993), and Femme Fatale (2002).
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