The following is one of the ways (listed in our text) to assess the quality of an inference to the best explanation:
Question 1 The following is one of the ways (listed in our text) to assess the quality of an inference to the best explanation:
Does it agree well with the rest of human knowledge?
Does the conclusion follow validly from the premises?
Does it feel right?
Is it novel and innovative?
Question 2 Which of these describes what we are inclined to believe about the most likely explanations of our observations?
People tend to believe whatever sounds the most scientific
People tend to believe what agrees with what they already believed
People tend not to make inferences about what explains their observations
People tend to come up with explanations for their experiences only after extensive testing
Question 3 Which of the following is not one of the advantages listed in the text of using inductive reasoning over deductive reasoning?
Inductive reasoning is more robust (less fragile).
Inductive premises are more available.
In inductive reasoning, the conclusion follows with more certainty from the premises.
Inductive arguments are frequently more persuasive.
Question 4 Which of these is one of the steps of the hypothetico-deductive method?
Formulating a hypothesis.
Deductive proof
Rejecting the assumptions
Manipulating the data
Question 5 Using the rules for assessing inferences to the best explanation (in Chapter 6), which of the following is likely the best inference to the best explanation for the following observation:
“That magician apparently made a card that was in the deck appear in my back pocket.”
He is a sorcerer who can transport matter
He is using a clever trick to fool people
All reality is in our minds, and he can manipulate it
I have lost my mind
Question 6 How does one go about testing a hypothesis?
Make a prediction that would (likely) occur if the hypothesis were true
See if it agrees with what you preferred to be true
Reject the hypothesis if it disagrees with other research in the scientific literature
Look for data that will confirm it no matter what
Question 7 The following is one of the ways (listed in our text) to assess the quality of an inference to the best explanation:
Is it indubitably true?
Does it help us explain other phenomena as well?
Is there proof of it?
Does the result seem important?
Question 8 What is a hypothesis?
The outcome of an experiment
A conjecture about how something works
A proven truth
A rejected theory
Question 9 This is a method by which one can strengthen an inductive argument.
Adding false supporting premises
Demonstrating that the argument is valid
Adding supporting premises
Inductive arguments cannot be strengthened
Question 10 Inductive arguments aim for this type of connection between their premises and conclusions.
A true connection
A probable connection
A methodological connection
An absolute connection
Question 11 Inductive arguments are preferable in some instances because they __________.
are not as available
are more limited than deductive arguments
can be more persuasive
have more truth
Question 12 Which of these is a limitation of inferences to the best explanation?
Most of reality cannot be explained
It will never be as convincing as deductive inference
It depends upon our coming up with the right explanation as one of the candidates
It generally leads us away from scientific explanations
Question 13 A claim is falsifiable if __________.
we know how one could show it to be false
we know how one could show it to be true
we cannot determine a way to prove it false
we can determine a way to see if it is true or false
Question 14 Which of the following is necessary in order for an explanation to be adequate?
It does not agree with other human knowledge
It provides an overly complex solution
It is noncircular
It is contradicted by other instances
Question 15 If the consequence that you predict from your hypothesis comes true, what follows from this?
It logically follows that the hypothesis is true
There is no support for the premises
The conclusion must be false
It provides some inductive support for the hypothesis
Question 16 Inference to the best explanation is often referred to as:
Deductive reasoning
Abductive reasoning
Circular reasoning
Biductive reasoning
Question 17 Claims that are interpreted such that they always come out to be true are called __________.
valid propositions
self-refuting propositions
self-sealing proposition
weak propositions
Question 18 Which one of the following is most likely not an inference to the best explanation?
“It will rain tomorrow; the meteorologist said so.”
“My living room is trashed; I must have been robbed.”
“This plant is dying; I am probably not watering it enough.”
“The street is all wet; it must have rained last night.”
Question 19 Which of the following is true of inductive reasoning but not deductive reasoning?
If a premise is false then the arguments loses its value
If the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true as well
The premises are harder to find
The argument is more likely to have merit even if one of the premises is not universally true
Question 20 A common misconception about inductive arguments is that they __________.
are all weak
are more persuasive than deductive arguments
go from specific to general
go from general to specific
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