Descriptive Statistics, including Probability
ID Salary Compa Midpoint Age Performance Rating Service Gender Raise Degree Gender1 Grade
1 60.2 1.056 57 34 85 8 0 5.7 0 M E
2 27.7 0.893 31 52 80 7 0 3.9 0 M B
3 35.5 1.145 31 30 75 5 1 3.6 1 F B
4 56.1 0.985 57 42 100 16 0 5.5 1 M E
5 48.9 1.018 48 36 90 16 0 5.7 1 M D
6 74.1 1.106 67 36 70 12 0 4.5 1 M F
Week 1: Descriptive Statistics, including Probability
While the lectures will examine our equal pay question from the compa-ratio viewpoint, our weekly assignments will focus on examining the issue using the salary measure.
The purpose of this assignmnent is two fold:
1. Demonstrate mastery with Excel tools.
2. Develop descriptive statistics to help examine the question.
3. Interpret descriptive outcomes
The first issue in examining salary data to determine if we – as a company – are paying males and females equally for doing equal work is to develop some
descriptive statistics to give us something to make a preliminary decision on whether we have an issue or not.
1 Descriptive Statistics: Develop basic descriptive statistics for Salary
The first step in analyzing data sets is to find some summary descriptive statistics for key variables.
Suggestion: Copy the gender1 and salary columns from the Data tab to columns T and U at the right.
Then use Data Sort (by gender1) to get all the male and female salary values grouped together.
a. Use the Descriptive Statistics function in the Data Analysis tab Place Excel outcome in Cell K19
to develop the descriptive statistics summary for the overall
group’s overall salary. (Place K19 in output range.)
Highlight the mean, sample standard deviation, and range.
BUS308 Statistics for Managers
Week 2 Assignment
Week 2: Identifying Significant Differences – part 1
To Ensure full credit for each question, you need to show how you got your results. This involves either showing where the data you used is located
or showing the excel formula in each cell. Be sure to copy the appropriate data columns from the data tab to the right for your use this week.
As with our examination of compa-ratio in the lecture, the first question we have about salary between the genders involves equality – are they the same or different?
What we do, depends upon our findings.
1 As with the compa-ratio lecture example, we want to examine salary variation within the groups – are they equal? Use Cell K10 for the Excel test outcome location.
a What is the data input ranged used for this question:
b Which is needed for this question: a one- or two-tail hypothesis statement and test ?
What is your conclusion about the variance in the population for male and female salaries?
2 Once we know about variance quality, we can move on to means: Are male and female average salaries equal? Use Cell K35 for the Excel test outcome location.
(Regardless of the outcome of the above F-test, assume equal variances for this test.)
a What is the data input ranged used for this question:
b Does this question need a one or two-tail hypothesis statement and test?
What is your conclusion about the means in the population for male and female salaries?
BUS308 Statistics for Managers
Week 3 Assignment
Week 3: Identifying Significant Differences – part 2
To Ensure full credit for each question, you need to show how you got your results. This involves either showing where the data you used is located
or showing the excel formula in each cell. Be sure to copy the appropriate data columns from the data tab to the right for your use this week.
1 A good pay program will have different average salaries by grade. Is this the case for our company?
a What is the data input ranged used for this question: Use Cell K08 for the Excel test outcome location.
Note: assume equal variances for each grade, even though this may not be accurate, for purposes of this question.
b. Step 1: Ho:
What is your conclusion about the means in the population for grade salaries?
2 If the null hypothesis in question 1 was rejected, which pairs of means differ?
(Use the values from the ANOVA table to complete the follow table.)
3 One issue in salary is the grade an employee is in – higher grades have higher salaries.
This suggests that one question to ask is if males and females are distributed in a similar pattern across the salary grades?
a What is the data input ranged used for this question: Use Cell K54 for the Excel test outcome location.
b. Step 1: Ho: Ha:
BUS308 Statistics for Managers
Week 4 Assignment
Week 4: Identifying relationships – correlations and regression
To Ensure full credit for each question, you need to show how you got your results. This involves either showing where the data you used is located
or showing the excel formula in each cell. Be sure to copy the appropriate data columns from the data tab to the right for your use this week.
1 What is the correlation between and among the interval/ratio level variables with salary? (Do not include compa-ratio in this question.)
a. Create the correlation table. Use Cell K08 for the Excel test outcome location.
i. What is the data input ranged used for this question:
ii. Create a correlation table in cell K08.
b. Technically, we should perform a hypothesis testing on each correlation to determine
if it is significant or not. However, we can be faithful to the process and save some
time by finding the minimum correlation that would result in a two tail rejection of the null.
We can then compare each correlation to this value, and those exceeding it (in either a
positive or negative direction) can be considered statistically significant.
i. What is the t-value we would use to cut off the two tails? T = ii. What is the associated correlation value related to this t-value? r = c. What variable(s) is(are) significantly correlated to salary? d. Are there any surprises – correlations you though would be significant and are not, or non significant correlations you thought would be?
e. Why does or does not this information help answer our equal pay question?
Week 5 Assignment
Final Paper
The Final Paper provides you with an opportunity to integrate and reflect on what you have learned during the class.
The question to address is: “What have you learned about statistics?” In developing your responses, consider—at a minimum—and discuss the application of each of the course elements in analyzing and making decisions about data (counts and/or measurements).
In your paper,
Discuss the following course elements:
Descriptive statistics
Inferential statistics
Hypothesis development and testing
Selection of appropriate statistical tests
Evaluating statistical results.
The Final Paper
Must be three to five double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.).
Must include a separate title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct thesis statement.
Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
Must use at least three scholarly sources in addition to the course text.
Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center
Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Carefully review the Grading Rubric (Links to an external site.) for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.
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