Suppose a population of 397 people undergo a screening test that you are developing to detect Disease X. Of the 145 individuals with the disease, only 134 test positive for Disease X using your new screening test.
In your own words, answer the following THREE questions. Be sure to follow the instructions provided; be sure to
show you work for your calculations and strategic/extended thinking must be demonstrated for written answers. (For
more about Webb’s depth of knowledge, check out the graphic at https://blog.edmentum.com/webb%E2%80%99s-
depth-knowledge-framework-basics)
1. Create a 2X2 table for the following scenario: Suppose a population of 397 people undergo a screening test that you
are developing to detect Disease X. Of the 145 individuals with the disease, only 134 test positive for Disease X using
your new screening test. However, among the 141 individuals that test positive for Disease X, 7 of them do not have the
disease. If your screening test has been used when I test positive, what is the likelihood (as a percentage) that I do
indeed have Disease X?
2. From Table 2 of the de Martel paper (2020. Global burden of cancer attributable to infections in 2018; a worldwide
incidence analysis), we see there is an inverse association between age-standardized incidence rates and country
income level. Briefly explain this. (5 sentences maximum)
3. HPV vaccination is not recommended for women older than age 26 years, although they can choose to get vaccinated.
Why might this vaccination not help older women? (5 sentences maximum).
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