You are designing a research study to determine the effects of a new medication to treat bipolar disorder in children. Would you choose to conduct a correlational study or an experimental study?
You are designing a research study to determine the effects of a new medication to treat bipolar disorder in children. Would you choose to conduct a correlational study or an experimental study? In addition, would you choose a cross-sectional or a longitudinal design? In explaining your choices, be sure to discuss (a) the pros and cons of the research designs you selected and (b) how they would affect the conclusions you are able to draw from your specific study. Finally, discuss what steps you would take to ensure compliance with APA ethical standards for conducting research with children.
PSY201 Child Development
Unit 2 Discussion
Brain Development and Critical Periods
Development of the brain is influenced by nature and nurture. Give two examples of how “nurture” can impact brain development in either a positive or adverse way. In addition, what is meant by the term, “critical period” as it refers to development? Discuss how the concept of critical periods applies to various aspects of physical, brain, and perceptual development. In terms of brain development, how have research findings on neuroplasticity changed our views about the rigidity imposed by critical periods? Finally, while neuroplasticity is impacted by nature, what role can nurture play in neuroplasticity as well?
PSY201 Child Development
Unit 3 Discussion
Theory Comparison
Compare and contrast Piaget’s theory of cognitive development with the theories proposed by Vygotsky and Bandura. Use the following scenario: you are a second grade teacher and are writing a lesson plan to teach math facts (addition and subtraction).
Based on Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, what materials would you incorporate into your lesson plan? Be specific and explain how your plan is driven by Piaget’s theory.
How would you change your lesson plan based on Vygotsky’s theory? Based on Bandura’s theory?
DQ2 IQ and Genetics
It used to be thought that IQ was strictly determined by genetics. After reading After the Bell Curve, do you believe that IQ is solely influenced by genetics? Based on your readings, what advice would you offer to parents/caregivers/and educators in order to maximize IQ?
PSY201 Child Development
Unit 4 Discussion
The Critical Period of Language Development
Do you believe there is a critical period for language development? Why or why not? In thinking of about your response, consider at least two of the following:
The case of Genie Wiley
Bilingualism
Deaf children who have their hearing restored by cochlear implants
Recovery from brain injury to language areas
You may also support your opinion with other relevant research findings of interest to you.
PSY201 Child Development
Unit 5 Discussion
Personality
Answer one (1) of the following DB questions in your main post:
Do you think personality is determined by nature, nurture, or both? Support your viewpoint with examples from scholarly research finding as well as your own experience.
Do you believe there are gender differences in personality? If so, do you believe they are determined by nature, nurture, or both? Support your viewpoint with examples from scholarly research finding as well as your own experience.
Describe Freud’s theory of personality development. Do you think Freud’s theory of personality development is still relevant today? Why or why not? Support your viewpoint with examples from scholarly research finding as well as your own experience.
For your reply posts:
Reply to students who chose the two (2) discussion board questions for their main post that you did not. For example, if you chose Question #1 for your main post, reply to a classmate who chose Question #2 for the main post, and another classmate who choice Question #3 for their main post.
PSY201 Child Development
Unit 6 Discussion
DQ1 Attachment
We have learned that attachment occurs due to safety needs, but what if these needs were not met? In this discussion, you will consider attachment styles and potential outcomes when conditions are not ideal for attachment, as well as the interaction between attachment styles and temperament.
Please read the following case study:
Kandi is an 11-year-old girl who has lived in Centervale with a foster family, the Jacksons, for one month. She has been in foster care most of her life, having been removed from her biological parents’ care at the age of 10 months. Kandi’s parents were addicted to drugs and alcohol and Kandi spent most of her infancy in her crib or playpen, alone in her room. It is likely that Kandi was exposed to drugs and alcohol in utero. It is unknown whether, in addition to neglect, she was abused sexually or physically. These are possibilities given her parents’ addictions and presence of multiple adults in her house at any given time.Since Kandi’s arrival, her foster parents have noted several behaviors that seem odd. Despite her sweet personality, Kandi loses her temper easily. She hugs people indiscriminately, while at the same time pushing others away. At times, Kandi avoids her foster mother or seems unconcerned with her not being in the room. At other times, she becomes very distraught and cries frantically when her foster mother goes to the laundry room. She has a difficult time interacting socially with the other children at Centervale Elementary and has only a few friends. At the same time, she clings to her teacher, constantly hugging her, and even trying to kiss her. Although she has been provided with toys, books, and games, Kandi collects odd things such as used staples or the rubber pieces left over from pencils.
Based on your analysis of the case study provided, respond to the following in your main post:
Describe how Kandi’s behavior could be reflective of disruptions in her progressing through the attachment phases proposed by Bowlby.
Classify Kandi’s attachment style according to Ainsworth’s attachment theory. Explain why you chose this attachment style.
Given her early isolation and multiple caregivers, what are some important social development stages or aspects that Kandi may have missed? Discuss concepts such as imitation, social reciprocity, and exploration.
How might Kandi’s experience affect her development according to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?
DQ2 Heinz Dilemma
This unit discusses Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development and the Heinz Dilemma scenario helps classify an individual’s stage of moral development. How would you respond if faced with this dilemma? Based on your response to the Heinz Dilemma, available below, what stage of moral development would Kohlberg say you are in? Why? How might your response to this dilemma have changed if you were in a different stage of moral development?
The Heinz Dilemma
A woman was on her deathbed. There was one drug that the doctors thought might save her. It was a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently discovered. The drug was expensive to make, but the druggist was charging ten times what the drug cost him to produce. He paid $200 for the radium and charged $2,000 for a small dose of the drug. The sick woman’s husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money, but he could only get together about $1,000 which is half of what it cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist said: “No, I discovered the drug and I’m going to make money from it.” So Heinz got desperate and broke into the man’s laboratory to steal the drug for his wife. Should Heinz have broken into the laboratory to steal the drug for his wife? Why or why not?
PSY201 Child Development
Unit 7 Discussion
DQ1 Ecological Development and Parenting Styles
Describe Bronfenbrenner’s model of ecological development. Reflecting upon your own experiences, explain how your microsystem, exosystem, and macrosystem affected your development. In addition, how would you best characterize your parenting style? If you are not a parent, how would you characterize your parents’ parenting style or the parenting style of a friend? How might this parenting style have been impacted by the microsystem, exosystem, and macrosystem that you, your parents, or your friend grew up in?
DQ2 Course Registration
Please list what course(s) you are registered for in the next MOD. What connections do you see between that course(s) and this one?
You are not required to respond to other students, but feel free to let them know if you are registered for the same course(s) as them or if you have taken it in the past.
PSY201 Child Development
Unit 8 Discussion
DQ1 Group Toy Project Sharing
Reminder #1:
Have one group member attach your group project to a new thread to share with your class by Monday at 11:59 PM.
Reminder #2 :
For this forum, you only need to make a main post by Wednesday at 11:59 PM. Reply posts are not required for this forum.
Instructions:
For this week’s main post, all group members should review the other projects and provide constructive feedback to at least 1 classmate in another group.
DQ2 ADHD and Bipolar Disorder in Children
Reminder: For this forum, you only need to make a main post by Wednesday at 11:59 PM. Please answer Part A and Part B. Reply posts are not required for this forum.
Part A
Based on the unit resources, do you believe that ADHD is merely a behavioral disorder, or do you believe there is an underlying neurological component? Do you believe medication should be prescribed for children with ADHD? If you were charged with developing an intervention (treatment/behavioral) plan for a child with ADHD, what components would you include in your plan? Support your positions with cited resources.
Part B
Bipolar disorder is becoming increasingly diagnosed in children. What is bipolar disorder in children? How does it differ behaviorally and neurologically from bipolar disorder in adults? If you were charged with developing an intervention (treatment/behavioral) plan for a child with Bipolar disorder, what components would you include in your plan? Incorporate the research findings from the readings and your own research to support your position.
DQ3 Course Reflection
After having the opportunity to complete the course, what topic particularly caught your interest and what do you want to know more about? In thinking about your future classes and career, explain how this class was of benefit to you. Thank you and good luck on your educational journey!
Note: Participation is encouraged, but not required. You have until Sunday at 11:59 PM to participate.
PSY201 Child Development
Unit 2 Assignment
Article Review
Complete part A and part B of each assignment and submit both parts together in a single Word document, uploaded into the SafeAssign link above.
Part A: Current Events
Choose ONE of the current events articles below.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. (2010, September 16). Children’s brain development is linked to physical fitness, research finds. ScienceDaily.
Weaver, J. (2013). Sesame street provides lessons about natural brain development in children. Plos Biology, 11(1), 1.
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Foerderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung. (2013, March 28). Child development: Early walker or late walker of little consequence. ScienceDaily.
Complete the following.
Summarize the main findings.
Provide an idea for a logical follow-up study
Apply the knowledge gained from this study into practical advice tips for parents and educators. The more thorough and detailed your response, the more points you will earn.
Assignment should be a minimum of one typed (12 font, double spaced) page with 1” margins.
Part B: Original Works
Choose ONE of the “original works” papers by a leading scientist below.
Gibson, E. J., & Walk, R. D. (1960). The “visual cliff”. Scientific American, 202, 67–71.
Vance, D. E., Kaur, J., Fazeli, P. L., Talley, M. H., Yuen, H. K., Kitchin, B., & Lin, F. (2012). Neuroplasticity and successful cognitive aging: A brief overview for nursing. The Journal of Neuroscience Nursing: Journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, 44(4).
Complete the following.
In your own words, summarize the major research findings discussed, and/or the theory proposed by the Psychologist. If your chosen work only contains theory and no research, then you are only responsible for presenting information regarding the theoretical perspective discussed.
Include an analysis of why you believe this scientist made a landmark contribution to the field of Developmental Psychology. Be sure to use specifics from the original works article to support your response, and refer to those by page number.
Response should be a minimum of one typed (12 font, double spaced) page with 1” margins.
PSY201 Child Development
Unit 5 Assignment
Analyze a case study from Children On Track – Case Scenarios. Adapted / Reprinted with permission by the Best Start Resource Center.
Choose ONE of the following cases:
Case # 1 Eric
Case #2 Giselle
Case #6 Sammy and Willow
Answer all the questions asked at the end of your chosen case study thoroughly.
Include an analysis of each of the issues you identify and the solutions you provide.
Support your responses with information from scholarly readings.
Write your answers in a Word document.
PSY201 Child Development
Unit 7 Assignment
Group Toy Project (PowerPoint)
For your term project this module, you will be a member of a Research & Development (R&D) Team that will plan, develop, create a prototype for a developmentally appropriate NEW toy. A separate team discussion board will be set up for each team so that team members can discuss ideas back and forth. This discussion board will be graded as an individual grade reflecting YOUR individual contributions to the overall project and is worth 50% of your grade for the toy project. The other 50% of the toy project grade is the grade for your final submission of the toy project (see rubrics in UNIT 1).
The Research & Development of the toy is an organic, dynamic process, therefore, it is not possible to detail all that must go into developing your toy or final write-up. What is written below is to serve as a guide to your open-ended, creative process. You are the creators, the researchers, and the developers. You will take this project from idea inception to end prototype model. You are the CEOs of this project. In week 8, your group will submit a PowerPoint on your toy for your classmates to view.
The PowerPoint must include:
Aim: To create a developmentally appropriate toy to foster______________ development. Which aspect of development (e.g., cognitive, linguistic) does your toy address?
Literature-Review: Discuss three scholarly articles that provide relevant background information on the area of development you are targeting (e.g., cognitive, linguistic)
Describe the novel toy you created. Describe the dimensions and features of your final prototype. Include graphics and/or pictures.
What is the function of your toy? How does it work?
Subjects: Target gender, age, location, and any other subject variables that apply.
Does your toy enhance any aspect of development? How?
Is this toy necessary? Does it fill a void in the toy market? How is your toy an improvement over existing models already on the market?
Is there any bias associated with your toy? Address any bias issues relating to culture, gender, abilities/disabilities, etc. How could you modify your toy to meet the needs of other cultures, abilities/disabilities?
Concluding remarks.
Task Type: Group Toy Project
You have been working at the Willie Wonka Toy Factory for approximately 6 months now. Your supervisor has given you your 6-month employment evaluation, which was excellent. As a result of your great work, your supervisor has informed you that he has chosen you to be appointed to a committee tasked with on developing educational toys for children. You are excited about this opportunity and readily agree to join the committee.
At your first committee meeting, you are assigned to the Research & Development (R&D) Toy Concept Committee. Your instruction is to create a prototype for a NEW, developmentally appropriate, educational toy with your team (your instructor will assign you and your classmates to a team/small group).
The committee chair (Instructor) reminds you that the toy is an organic, dynamic process, therefore, it is not possible to detail all that must go into developing your toy or final write-up. What is written below is to serve as a guide to your open-ended, creative process. You are the creators, the researchers, and the developers. You will take this project from idea inception to creating a prototype model. You are not actually making a physical toy, but are presenting the ideas in written format. Pictures and/or graphs should be included. For more details, see “Presentation Guidelines” below.
Presentation Guidelines:
1. Aim: To create a developmentally appropriate toy to foster______________ development. Which aspect of development (e.g., cognitive, linguistic) does your toy address?
2. Literature-Review: Discuss three scholarly articles that provide relevant background information on the area of development you are targeting (e.g., cognitive, linguistic)
3. Describe the novel toy you created. Describe the dimensions and features of your final prototype. Include graphics and/or pictures.
4. What is the function of your toy? How does it work?
5. Subjects: Target gender, age, location, and any other subject variables that apply.
6. Does your toy enhance any aspect of development? How?
7. Is this toy necessary? Does it fill a void in the toy market? How is your toy an improvement over existing models already on the market?
8. Is there any bias associated with your toy? Address any bias issues relating to culture, gender, abilities/disabilities, etc. How could you modify your toy to meet the needs of other cultures, abilities/disabilities?
9. Concluding remarks.
Be sure to review all instructions, deadlines, and the TWO rubrics at the beginning of the course! One rubric is for the overall project and PowerPoint presentation. The second rubric is for your individual contribution to collaborative work in your Small Group Discussion Board.
PSY201 Child Development
Midterm Exam
Question 1The continuity vs. discontinuity issue in development relates to the idea that development
Answers:
may occur in stages and sequences
is characterized by critical periods
is characterized by either qualitative or quantitative changes
All of the above
Question 2″Babies vary in the way they react to new things, in their typical moods, in their rate of activity, in the regularity of their daily rhythms, etc. These variations usually go by the name of”
Answers:
temperament.
states.
habituation.
instincts.
conditioning.
Question 3 A correlation cannot be used to determine whether
Answers:
children who are friendly are also smart.
honesty in school is related to honesty at home.
intelligence is related to friendliness.
honest children have honest parents.
TV violence causes childhood aggression.
Question 4Research on spatial cognition indicates that
Answers:
girls’ play preferences offer them an advantage in spatial cognition.
video games decrease mental rotation abilities.
play hampers the development of spatial skills.
boys score higher than girls on spatial cognition tasks.
it is not influenced by experience.
Question 5 Renaldo is four years old and is experiencing a neurological growth spurt. What skill will he be attaining?
Answers:
evidence of some goal-directed planning
fluency in speaking and understanding language
improvements in eye-hand coordination
improvements in memory function
motor coordination
Question 6 It is most accurate to describe the genetic material in the nucleus of the cell as
Answers:
“DNA, which contains chromosomes and genes.”
“chromosomes composed of DNA, which has segments called genes.”
“genes, which contain DNA and are found on chromosomes.”
“separate bodies called genes, chromosomes, and DNA.”
46 genes made up of DNA.
Question 7The Apgar scoring system is used to evaluate an infant’s
Answers:
status immediately after birth and then again five minutes later.
weight at birth and at one week after birth.
social responses at one day and one week after birth.
“strength of crying, blood pressure, and birth-weight immediately after birth.”
readiness to be taken home.
Question 8 Which theorist is most strongly associated with nativist theories of language?
Answers:
Skinner
Freud
Chomsky
Piaget
Vygotsky
Question 9 “From six months on, babies begin engaging in ________, which is a sound pattern consisting of consonants and vowels.”
Answers:
cooing
babbling
gurgling
fussing
crying
Question 10 What part of the brain becomes the focus of developmental processes during the 10-to-12-year-old neurological growth spurt?
Answers:
medulla
midbrain
frontal lobes
parietal lobes
Brainstem
PSY201 Child Development
Final Exam
Question 1″Juanita is extremely creative, imaginative, and insightful, indicating that when she grows up, she wil probably score high on the Big Five Traits of”
Answers:
agreeableness and conscientiousness.
conscientiousness and emotionality.
extraversion and inhibition.
openness and intellect.
agreeableness and openness.
Question 2″Fifteen-month-old Billy and Bettina are playing together with toys. Sometimes they cooperate, but mostly they play side-by-side with different toys. This is a pattern that Parten described as”
Answers:
parallel play.
peer play.
playmateship.
friendship.
coordinated play.
Question 3Which of the following children in child care will have the highest cognitive development?
Answers:
“Marcus, who is middle class and is cared for by a neighbor two afternoons a week.”
“Julius, whose family is poor and is cared for at home by his aunt.”
“Joachim, who began child care at age 4.”
“Joachim, whose family is wealthy and attends a family daycare.”
“Maria, whose family is poor and attends a cognitively-enriched program.”
Question 4All of the following are propositions on which the biological explanation of personality is based EXCEPT
Answers:
each individual is born with genetically determined characteristic patterns of responding to the environment and to other people.
“children learn not only overt behavior but also ideas, expectations, internal standards, and self-concepts from reinforcement and modeling.”
genetic differences operate via variations in fundamental physiological processes.
temperamental dispositions persist through childhood and into adulthood.
temperamental characteristics interact with the child’s environment in ways that may strengthen or modify basic temperamental patterns.
Question 5″Compared to other children, children raised in poverty”
Answers:
have higher rates of illness and disabilities.
have the same distribution of IQ scores.
develop cognitively at the same rate.
are less likely to repeat a grade.
are less likely to be poor as adults.
Question 6″In a Strange Situation test, Jeannine does not become upset when her mother leaves the room, and when her mother returns, she runs to her and then quiets and returns to playing with toys. What type of attachment does this indicate?”
Answers:
secure
insecure/avoidant
insecure/ambivalent
insecure/disorganized
secure/disoriented
Question 7″Parents who are high in control, maturity demands, communication, and nurturance fit Baumrind’s classification of”
Answers:
authoritarian.
authoritative.
neglecting.
permissive.
indulgent.
Question 8The strongest theoretical influence in modern-day studies of infant-parent relationships is the work of
Answers:
Bandura and Watson.
Piaget and Ainsworth.
Erikson and Freud.
Bowlby and Ainsworth.
Freud and Piaget.
Question 9Several studies suggest that playing video games fosters
Answers:
improved social skills.
positive emotions.
improved reading skills.
excessive dependency.
good spatial-cognitive skills.
Question 10Research supports the hypothesis that psychopathology arises mostly as a result of
Answers:
severe parental discipline.
accidental injury to the brain.
inborn vulnerabilities.
high stress environments.
parental neglect.
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