Process of Making Genetically Modified Organisms

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What are Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)? 

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms with foreign genes incorporated to exhibit desirable characteristics that do not occur naturally thru mating and natural recombination (Key, 2008). 

GMOs have been engineered in the laboratory through genetic modification. Genomes are altered by including or inserting genes from unrelated organisms such as bacteria, viruses, insects, and animals to achieve desirable traits or characteristics. Some benefits of GMOs are increased crop yield, pesticide-resistance, enhanced nutrient composition, tolerance to stress, faster maturity, and medical benefits. 

Process of Making Genetically Modified Organisms 

1. Identification of a trait of interest – first, scientists identify the trait they want to be expressed.  Then they find an organism that already has that trait in their gene 

2. Isolation of gene – after determining the trait, the scientists either isolate that gene that 

expresses the desired trait or copy it from the organism 

3. Gene insertion – once they isolate the gene, it is inserted to the organism that will be modified. 

The inserted gene will not change the other traits already present in that organism 

4. The GMO is allowed to grow – the modified organism is allowed to grow in laboratory conditions. 

Once it grows successfully in the laboratory, subsequent procedures such as field tests, biosafety assessments and economic feasibility are conducted before the product is released for commercial use or consumption.

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