Most stickleback fish living in the ocean sport heavy armor in the form of bony plates and spines projecting from the back and pelvis.
instructions: These are my answers for my lab what I would like you to do is change the wording of each paragraph I have numbered them 1 to 15 for each one just change the wording, edit and make it better.
Most stickleback fish living in the ocean sport heavy armor in the form of bony plates and spines projecting from the back and pelvis. When threatened, a stickleback can simultaneously flare out its pair of pelvic spines and three dorsal spines, making it difficult for predators to swallow them.
At the end of the last ice age, new freshwater lakes formed as glaciers melted. These lakes provided new breeding grounds for stickleback swimming to these lakes from the ocean. As more and more ice melted, the land that had been depressed by the weight of the massive ice sheets became elevated, and the connections between some of the lakes and the ocean were cut off. Researchers think that stickleback populations became trapped in these lakes and adapted to living exclusively in fresh water.
Because there are hundreds of postglacial lakes in the Northern Hemisphere, researchers can compare a trait like pelvic reduction in many different stickleback populations living in these lakes. The great number of lakes allows researchers to make predictions about which environmental conditions influence the trait.
Stickleback fish are small and have short generation times. These two characteristics make them easy to keep in a lab and useful for conducting genetic studies, since researchers can follow several generations of fish in a relatively short time. Also, stickleback fish populations occur throughout the Northern Hemisphere in a wide range of environments, so researchers can compare different populations and study how they have changed over time in response to different environmental pressures. Another reason that stickleback are useful model organisms for studies in evolution is that there are many stickleback fossils, so researchers can compare living populations to their ancestors.
.Hind-limb reduction has occurred in several vertebrate lineages, including manatees, snakes, and whales.
The threespine stickleback has three spines on its dorsal side and two spines projecting from the pelvis on its ventral side. The spines are modified fins.
Marine stickleback populations live and breed strictly in the ocean. Sea-run stickleback fish are anadromous, meaning that they are born in fresh water, spend most of their lives in the ocean, and return to fresh water to breed. Freshwater stickleback fish live entirely in fresh water. (Students may also mention that marine and sea-run stickleback have heavy armor, whereas freshwater stickleback populations have reduced armor.)
The back spines stick up and the pelvic spine out at almost a perpendicular angle, making it hard for a predatory fish that catches a stickleback to swallow it. The plates also make stickleback fish difficult to eat. (Students may also mention that in lakes with different types of predators, such as dragonfly larvae, the pelvic spines actually make stickleback easier to catch.)
The objective of Experiment 1 is to analyze the pelvic structures of stickleback fish collected from two lakes around Cook Inlet, Alaska. The data collected will be used along with information about the lakes to suggest possible environmental factors that influence pelvic morphology.
At the population level, individuals that are better adapted for a particular environment are more likely to live longer and reproduce, and pass their genetic variants to the next generation. Over many generations, these genetic variants and the associated traits increase in frequency in the population.
The hood has a built-in vacuum, which helps limit a scientist’s exposure to potentially toxic or hazardous fumes from the different chemicals used in the staining procedure.
To catch the fish, scientists throw special traps in the water, which they leave overnight. The traps are tube-shaped with funnel openings at each end. As they are swimming, some fish enter the traps, and don’t always manage to swim back out. Researchers simply pull the traps out of the water to collect the live fish.
The main difference is that Bear Paw Lake is completely enclosed and does not drain at the surface. This means that predatory fish cannot readily enter the lake. On the other hand, Frog Lake is connected to the water system by a small stream, which allows predatory fish to gain access to the lake.
In most cases, it would take too much time and money to study all individuals in a population. As a result, scientists study randomly collected subsets of individuals from a population, or random samples. Scientists study random samples to estimate properties of the population and infer conclusions about the population as a whole.
Larger samples are usually more representative of the population as a whole than are smaller samples.
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