By the year 2030, what percentage of the U.S. population will be over 65

Content Questions for Chapter 19:

1. By the year 2030, what percentage of the U.S. population will be over 65? What 

percentage will be racial and ethnic minorities? (Consider how that might shape our 

society.)

2. What is the current life expectancy in the U.S. (for a child born in 2017)? What is the 

difference between life expectancy and life span?

3. What’s the difference between chronological age and biologic age? What are some of the 

lifestyle factors that hasten aging?

4. What are some of the physiologic changes that accompany aging? Pay particular attention 

to the changes in gastro-intestinal function. How age-related changes in gut flora 

impact health?

5. What is sarcopenia? Sarcopenic obesity?

6. Highlight: Seniors on the Move. How can regular physical activity benefit seniors? What 

are recommendations for activity?

7. How energy needs change for older adults? What is the recommendation for 

percentage of kcalories from fat? 

8. What is the fiber recommendation for older adults?

9. What is the DRI for protein, both current and recommended by some researchers? Why is 

protein especially important? When should protein be consumed?

10. Why are many adults Vitamin D-deficient? How does the calcium RDA change in older 

adults?

11. How can older adults meet their iron and zinc needs? 

12. Why is it especially important to pay attention to vitamin B12 and B6? 

13. Should older adults be taking vitamin A supplements?

14. What are the recommendations for fluid intake? Why many adults sometimes become 

dehydrated? They don’t mention this in the book, but many adults end up in the hospital 

simply due to dehydration. And dehydration can cause symptoms of confusion, something 

to be aware of.

15. Highlight: Supplements for Seniors. Why “senior” products contain more vitamin E, less 

vitamin K, more B6 and B12, and no iron? 

16. What are some common nutritional concerns of older adults? What are predictions for 

obesity rates among older adults?

17. What are some of the factors that can result in weight loss? 

18. How many US adults have osteoporosis? Are only women affected by osteoporosis? What 

are some treatments for osteoporosis? 

19. What is one nutritional treatment for osteoarthritis? 

20. What is gout? 

21. What contributes to constipation, and what is the nutrition intervention for it? 

22. How can dental health impact nutrition? 

23. What nutrients are important in eye health?

24. What dietary intervention has been shown to slow cognitive decline?

25. How can prescription drugs impact nutrients?

26. What are some social concerns that can affect nutrition in older adults? What percent of 

households with elderly men and women are food-insecure?

27. What are some of the community nutrition programs that serve older adults?

Content Questions for Chapter 4.5:

28. What is ethanol? Note that the common term alcohol is used to denote this.

29. Does alcohol need to be digested? Why is it a good idea to consume food when drinking? 

30. What enzymes are involved in alcohol metabolism? Do women digest alcohol differently 

than men?

31. How many drinks can the average person metabolize in an hour? 

32. What is the definition of one drink? 

33. Is there any way to speed up metabolism of alcohol? 

34. What is considered to be moderate intake for men and women?

35. What are some of the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption? Which populations 

benefit most from alcohol’s protective effects?

36. What are some of the health risks of moderate alcohol consumption? How many kcals 

does alcohol provide?

37. What is binge drinking? Alcoholism?

38. What is metabolic tolerance? Functional tolerance?

39. How does alcohol affect mortality? What is the effect on the brain?

40. What are the dangers of alcohol poisoning?

41. What is the risk with mixing energy drinks and alcohol?

42. How can alcohol damage the liver? 

43. What chronic diseases are impacted by alcohol? 

44. What nutrients are most impacted by alcohol?

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