Permanent or near-permanent storage of memory that lasts beyond a period of conscious attention is known as:

Question 1Permanent or near-permanent storage of memory that lasts beyond a period of conscious attention is known as:

 

  short-term memory.

 

  long-term memory.

 

  sensory memory.

 

  cognitive control.

 

 Question 2Which is a characteristic of someone with dysexecutive syndrome?

 

  below-average intelligence scores

 

  disrupted ability to remember facts and events

 

  disrupted ability to think and plan

 

  impaired language abilities

 

 Question 3Brain imaging studies show that people with _____ copies of the COMT allele show _____ prefrontal cortex activity during a 2-back task.

 

  one or two; lower

 

  zero, one, or two; equal amounts of

 

  zero; lower

 

  one or two; higher

 

 Question 4According to the findings of George Miller, the capacity of short-term memory is about _____ items.

 

  four

 

  three

 

  ten

 

  seven

 

 Question 5When one consciously tries to remember a fact or event for later retrieval, one is storing the information:

 

  iconically.

 

  incidentally.

 

  intentionally.

 

  executively.

 

 Question 6The metaphor of memory as a computer compares RAM with _____ memory and a hard drive with _____ memory.

 

  working; long-term

 

  long-term; working

 

  short-term; long-term

 

  sensory; iconic

 

 Question 7Which task is an example of one that would activate your dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?

 

  remembering where you parked your car

 

  memorizing the definition of a new word by repeating it to yourself

 

  rehearsing a phone number you just looked up

 

  remembering who told you about a major news event

 

 Question 8Which area of the brain seems to play an especially important role in working memory?

 

  sensory cortices

 

  prefrontal cortex

 

  basal ganglia

 

  cerebellum

 

 Question 9The manipulation and application of working memory for planning, task switching, attention, stimulus selection, and the inhibition of inappropriate reflexive behaviors is known as:

 

  sensory memory.

 

  cognitive control.

 

  short-term memory.

 

  iconic memory.

 

 Question 10The most abstract plans depend on the _____ areas of the frontal lobes, and the most concrete plans depend on the _____ areas of the frontal lobes.

 

  anterior; posterior

 

  posterior; anterior

 

  lateral; anterior

 

  posterior; lateral

 

 Question 11Neuroimaging studies of children with ADHD have shown that these children have a(n) _____ prefrontal cortex region.

 

  smaller left

 

  enlarged left

 

  smaller right

 

  enlarged right

 

 Question 12Compared with long-term memory, short-term memory is:

 

  outside of conscious awareness.

 

  forgotten more quickly.

 

  larger in capacity.

 

  slower to access.

 

 Question 13

 

In Baddeley’s working-memory model, which system monitors and manipulates the two working-memory buffers?

 

  haptic memory

 

  phonological loop

 

  visuospatial sketchpad

 

  central executive

 

 Question 14If Tate is driving to a friend’s house, his specific goal of turning the steering wheel at a given moment is mainly relying on the _____ areas of his frontal lobes.

 

  posterior

 

  medial

 

  lateral

 

  anterior

 

 Question 15A neuromodulator that alters neuron-to-neuron communication is:

 

  serotonin.

 

  dopamine.

 

  epinephrine.

 

  glutamic acid.

 

 Question 16Automatic processes:

 

  occur with minimal conscious awareness.

 

  determine what cues should be attended to.

 

  require focused attention.

 

  inhibit reflexive behaviors.

 

 Question 17Which task is used to study stimulus selection and response inhibition in working memory?

 

  Stroop task

 

  Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

 

  N-back task

 

  Tower of Hanoi

 

 

 

Question 18An individual suffering from _____ would exhibit deficits in working memory due to insufficient levels of dopamine.

 

  schizophrenia

 

  ADHD

 

  depression

 

  anxiety

 

 Question 19Where does information automatically and rapidly decay?

 

  short-term memory

 

  sensory memory

 

  working memory

 

  long-term memory

 

 Question 20In the delayed nonmatch-to-sample task, the subjects must select the stimulus that is:

 

  different from the one they remember.

 

  the same size as the one they remember.

 

  the same color and shape as the one they remember.

 

  the most similar to the one they remember.

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