Infant Nutrition
Infant Nutrition
Why are infant energy needs so high during the first year of life?
How many kcalories/day should infants consume? What % of the diet should come from fat? From protein? Why is excessive protein intake harmful?
Supplements of which nutrients are advised for breastfed babies?
Is it necessary to provide infants supplemental fluids (water)?
When should cow’s milk be introduced? Why?
When is the best time to introduce solid foods? Why?
Why should parents wait a few days before introducing new foods? (Table 17.4)
What foods should not be fed to infants?
What are some common food allergens? What are the most current recommendations on introducing peanut-containing foods to infants? (Highlight, p. 694)
What’s the best way to avoid gastroesophageal reflux in infants?
What are some causes for failure to thrive?
What is a common cause of anemia in infants and children?
What is nursing bottle syndrome, and how can it be avoided?
What are the dangers to infants/children from lead?
Nutrition Myth or Fact: The Fetal Environment
What effects does exposure to famine in the first trimester create later on in life?
What is fetal adaptation?
How does poor intake of calcium during pregnancy affect the adult offspring’s risk for hypertension?
What is the effect of maternal obesity on a child’s health? Maternal diabetes?
What is the effect of maternal smoking on long-term health of offspring? Of lead and mercury exposure?
Does the fetal environment automatically predispose individuals to certain health outcomes? Why or why not?
Content Questions for Chapter 18:
How are energy needs different for toddlers as compared to infants?
What % of kcalories should fat supply in a toddler’s diet?
Is it difficult for toddlers to meet protein needs?
What percent of carbohydrate should be consumed daily?
How much fiber should a toddler consume?
What micronutrients are of concern in toddler diets?
What’s the most common nutritional deficiency in toddlers? For whom should supplements be considered?
What are some ways to encourage nutritious food choices? What are appropriate portion sizes? (Figure 18.1)
What are the consequences of exposure to lead in young children? What are dietary suggestions to lower the risk of lead poisoning?
At what age do the nutrient needs of boys differ from girls?
What percentage of fat should be consumed by preschool and school-age children?
How much fiber should children consume?
Which micronutrients are needed in increasing or decreasing amounts as compared to younger children?
What are the effects of energy drink consumption on children?
How does iron-deficiency anemia affect development? What effect does iron deficiency have on children exposed to lead?
How does food insecurity affect children’s nutrition?
School Attendance and Children’s Nutrition: We will cover this topic in this week’s discussion
Adolescent growth: Note differences in how boys and girls grow, particularly in respect to weight gain.
What % of kcalories should fat supply in an adolescent’s diet? Carbohydrate? Are protein needs for adolescents different from adult protein needs?
What are micronutrients of concern to adolescents? How much calcium is needed to assure good bone development?
Does diet play a role in development of acne?
How can smoking impact nutrition?
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