Which is the correct one to explain why it is important to determine whether there is an association between exposure and the occurrence of a disease.

Read carefully and answer the following questions: 

Indicate, among the options mentioned below, which is the correct one to explain why it is important to determine whether there is an association between exposure and the occurrence of a disease.

To describe the natural history of a disease.

To identify exposures that may be possible risk factors or causes of an effect.

To estimate whether the effect may spread in the population.

Ecological studies are designs of epidemiological studies that are characterized by:

Incorporate ecological variables as possible determinants of diseases that affect people to select which of them act as the most important risk factors.

They do not allow the calculation of the incidence of a disease or health problem in the population.

Define any variable that can be considered as a risk factor, with ecological criteria.

Allow the calculation of the Relative Risk of disease occurring in one group affected by ecological factors concerning another group in which these environmental factors are not important.

Use average values of exposure and the frequency of a disease in population groups.

None of the above.

The ecological fallacy consists of (check the option(s) that are correct):

Do not consider the ecological context among the determinants of the health condition of the populations.

Do not assign importance to the environmental situation of the individual as the main cause of disease.

Consider that the ecological situation in which individuals find themselves is the main determinant of their state of health.

Assign to individuals characteristics of the group to which they belong.

Consider that the ecological environment in which a population group is located and the disease it suffers are not associated.

None of the above