Which statement is true regarding cystic fibrosis?
Question 1Which statement is true regarding cystic fibrosis?
It is autosomal-dominant.
It affects endocrine glands.
It is common in African Americans.
It is the most common genetic disease in the United States.
Question 2Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Positive Trousseau sign
Positive Chvostek sign
Hyperactive reflexes.
Muscle twitching
Constipation
Paresthesias
Question 3Which is a classification of emphysema? (Select all that apply.)
Centriacinar
Parenchyma
Panacinar
Paraseptal
Bullae
Question 4Which statement regarding serum magnesium (Mg ++) is true? (Select all that apply.)
Alcohol-related diseases frequently cause low Mg+ levels.
Vomiting is not generally seen as a major cause of Mg+ loss.
Mg++ levels present similarly to calcium (Ca++) levels in the blood.
Mg+ deficiencies often result in low serum potassium (K+) levels.
Mg+ deficiencies must be treated before potassium (K+) deficiencies.
Question 5Clinical manifestations of extracellular fluid volume excess include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Edema
Crackles
Weight gain
Bounding pulse
Distended neck veins
Decreased urinary output
Question 6
Which serum value is a reflection of the effectiveness of the kidney’s ability to properly maintain serum metabolic pH?
(H+) molecule
Bicarbonate (HCO3–)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
Question 7 What physiologic abnormality is characteristic of emphysema?
Collapse of the proximal airways
Trapping of air in the distal air sacs
Widespread occurrence of bronchial plugs
Extensive inflammation of the lower airways
Question 8 When emphysema is a result of a α1-Antitrypsin disorder, assessment data is likely to include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Caucasian
Client age younger than 50
Elevated levels of α1-Antitrypsin
No history of cigarette smoking
Enzyme levels that are below normal
Question 9 In extrinsic asthma the immune system responds to the presence of allergens by causing
Bronchodilation
Bronchoconstriction
Decreased cough reflex
Decreased sputum production
Question 10 How do the kidneys work to neutralize metabolic acidosis or alkalosis?
If metabolic alkalosis exists, the kidneys slow their acid excretion.
If metabolic alkalosis exists, the kidneys slow their acid retention.
If metabolic acidosis exists, the kidneys slow their acid excretion.
If metabolic acidosis exists, the kidneys increase their acid retention.
Question 11A common radiologic diagnostic manifestation of fibrotic restrictive disease is the appearance of
Distended alveoli
A honeycomb lung
Destruction of acini
Constrictive bronchi
Question 12The pathogenesis of pneumonia includes the inhalation of microbial agents and the resulting of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Inflammation
Lung consolidation
Formation of exudates
Alveolar wall thickening
Decreased lung compliance
Question 13What is the primary cause of airway obstruction in patients with chronic bronchitis?
Thinning bronchial smooth muscle
Hyperventilation
Mucous plugs
Infection
Question 14Which statement is true regarding asthma?
There is decreased responsiveness to environmental stimuli.
It is characterized by airway inflammation.
It involves irreversible airway obstruction.
Extrinsic asthma has adult onset.
Question 15Clinical manifestations of extracellular fluid volume deficit include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Decreased postural blood pressure
Flat neck veins
Weight loss
Dizziness
Vomiting.
Oliguria
Question 16Which pathogenetic change is associated with acute bronchitis? (Select all that apply.)
Mast cell–induced inflammation
Swelling from exudation of fluid
Decreased mucous production
Loss of ciliary function
Inflamed airways
Question 17The pathogenesis of tuberculosis includes the entrance of mycobacteria into the lungs and the resulting of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Calcification
Ghon tubercles
Formation of granulomas
Activation of macrophages
Antigen-antibody complexes
Question 18Normally, the highest amount of daily fluid loss occurs via the
Urinary tract
Bowels
Skin
Lungs
Question 19A current diagnosis of tuberculosis requires a
Chest x-ray
Positive Mantoux test
Positive sputum culture for acid-fast bacillus
Presentation of typical symptoms including night sweats
Question 20 Tachycardia, decreased or absent breath sounds on the affected side, hyperresonance, and sudden chest pain on the affected side are clinical manifestations of
Sarcoidosis
Pneumothorax
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
adult respiratory distress syndrome
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