November 12, 2022

The many different forensic treatment settings – prisons, jails, outpatient settings, community centers, and specialized treatment centers

Comparison of Forensic Settings

The many different forensic treatment settings – prisons, jails, outpatient settings, community centers, and specialized treatment centers – provide many employment opportunities. Even within these settings, there are specific and differing programs that operate. For instance, a prison might operate a drug treatment program styled as an outpatient program, a residential drug treatment facility, a sex offender program, and general outpatient services, all in the same facility. In the outpatient setting, a forensic psychologist practitioner might be called on to conduct anger management groups, domestic violence groups, substance abuse services, and follow-up services with sex offenders after release. The diversity of practice experiences within the forensic system is impressive and sometimes even overwhelming.

But not every setting is right for every therapist. Some forensic treatment professionals are comfortable entering any correctional facility, while others might be more comfortable working at one security level but not another (e.g., a low-security facility might be more preferable than a maximum-security facility). There are forensic treatment professionals who find forensic outpatient settings similar to traditional outpatient practice and, therefore, more familiar and comfortable. It is important to assess and understand your own comfort level with the various forensic treatment settings before entering them and starting along your career path. One way of doing this is to consider the various settings and compare them based on external dimensions of forensic treatment. For example, how do the available resources compare between a maximum-security prison and a juvenile detention center? Are the practice challenges similar across the various treatment settings, or do certain challenges inhibit effective practice in one setting more than others? These kinds of comparisons can help you understand the potential challenges in a desired forensic setting. Comparing forensic settings can also provide you with possible interest in settings not previously considered, and inform you as to how external factors can impact your professional goals.

To prepare for this Assignment:

• Review the article “Systemic Issues and Correctional Outcomes: Expanding the Scope of Correctional Psychology” in this week’s Learning Resources. Focus on forensic treatment setting issues. Note the various external dimensions of forensic treatment for each setting.

• Review Chapter 12 in the textbook Correctional Counseling and Treatment. Briefly discuss the origins of group counseling. Next identify and briefly discuss 2 benefits and 2 disadvantages of group counseling. Finally review the stages of the group development process.

• Select two forensic treatment settings to compare in this assignment.

• Select two of the following external dimensions of forensic treatment settings to use in your comparison: social support, available resources, access to treatment, and/or challenges to practice.

• Think about the similarities and differences between the settings in terms of external dimensions of forensic treatment settings.

The assignment (1–2 pages):

• Identify the two forensic settings and the two external dimensions of forensic treatment you selected.

• Compare (similarities and differences) the settings in terms of the external dimensions of forensic treatment settings you selected.

• Explain at least one conclusion you drew or insight you gained as a result of your comparison.

Support your Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are asked to provide a reference list only for those resources not included in the Learning Resources for this course.

FPSY6511 Treatment of Forensic Populations

Week 3 Assignment

Cultural Competency and Treatment

You know by now that forensic treatment settings serve culturally diverse populations. In this course and academic program, the terms diversity and culture are broadly defined to include not only race and ethnicity but also religion, gender, physical ability, socioeconomic status, and age. You need to take all aspects of culture into consideration when you select treatment outcomes and approaches. Because culture is so ingrained, cultural-related issues may not be readily apparent to the treatment provider or the offender. However, culture impacts the treatment process whether recognized or not. In order to treat forensic populations effectively, the treatment provider must be aware of the impact of cultural considerations and bring cultural competencies to the treatment process.

To prepare for this assignment:

• Review Chapter 16 in the course text Handbook of Forensic Mental Health with Victims and Offenders: Assessment, Treatment, and Research. Reflect on potential cultural considerations and challenges related to working with diverse forensic populations.

• Review the APA Guidelines for Providers of Psychological Services to Ethnic, Linguistic, and Culturally Diverse Populations. Consider the importance of applying these guidelines to the treatment of forensic populations. Focus on specific guidelines that relate to treating diverse forensic populations.

• Review the article “The Place of Culture in Forensic Psychiatry” in this week’s Learning Resources. Focus on how culture may impact the treatment of forensic populations.

http://jaapl.org/content/35/1/98.full

• Review the article “Ethics and Multiculturalism: Advancing Cultural and Clinical Responsiveness” in this week’s Learning Resources. Think about the importance of diversity awareness as it relates to ethical standards in forensic treatment settings.

https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=pro-40-5-425-a&site=ehost-live&scope=site&authtype=shib&custid=s6527200

• Identify a culturally diverse forensic population that is of particular interest to you.

• Conduct an academic literature search in the Walden Library and select at least one scholarly article from a peer-reviewed journal that discusses the unique characteristics, considerations, and/or challenges related to working with this population in a forensic setting.

• Consider the unique characteristics of your selected forensic population and reflect on what you should consider when treating members of this population.

• Consider the challenges that you might encounter when working with a client from your selected population and how you would address these challenges.

The assignment (1–2 pages):

• Cite the research article and state the specific diversity population that you researched.

• Briefly summarize the research article and explain how the role of culture is addressed in the treatment of the specific forensic population in the study.

• Analyze the role of culture in the treatment of forensic populations, in general. Use specifics from your selected research article to support your analysis.

• Explain the challenges you might encounter when working with a client from this population and state how you would address these challenges.

(Note: Be sure to protect the identity of any persons you may refer to.)

FPSY6511 Treatment of Forensic Populations

Week 4 Assignment

Treatment Outcome Models

Before beginning treatment, practitioners are required to address treatment goals. Goals can be specific or broad, and range from cessation of substance abuse and regularly checking in with authorities, to compliance with medication requirements and avoiding specific locations and environments. Goals are usually developed in collaboration, with input from legal authorities, mental health professionals, and patients. Patient and community safety need to be taken into consideration as well. Goals for treatment are referred to as “outcomes.” Outcomes need to be considered during treatment, during review of professional literature, and when evaluating the efficacy of treatments.

The three treatment outcome models are recidivism, relapse, and harm-reduction. Each type of outcome exists independently of the others. For example, a person may be considered a treatment success in the harm-reduction model even though he or she has had a relapse and has returned to the criminal justice system. Determining the success of treatment depends on the goals and desired treatment outcomes agreed upon at the onset of practice. Additionally, in professional literature, treatment outcomes often are indirectly defined. To comprehend the research in your field and to be an effective practitioner, it is essential to understand treatment outcome models and discern how these models are used.

To prepare for this assignment:

• Review the course document, Treatment Outcome Models (found in this week’s Learning Resources). Here :

Treatment Outcome Models

By Matthew D. Geyer

2009

Each of these models has utility, and each offers a different perspective on a problem and its outcome. According to the author of this manuscript, a good researcher, clinician, and student considers each model in a specific situation to get an idea of the “big picture” and possible approaches to treatment and measurement of success. Said another way, each of the models allows the clinical researcher to get a view of a particular problem from a slightly different perspective, which may help in the development of an overall treatment outcome plan.

A particular benefit of understanding and being familiar with the research related to each of these models is that it supports the clinician in effectively speaking about how “Treatment Outcome Models” by Matthew D. Geyer (2009). treatment works and helps him or her to set realistic outcomes for the client, the program, the courts, and so on. In the end, the best model is one that is used appropriately for the targeted problem or issue. This must occur in a climate that encourages an understanding, by interested parties, of the complexities of the treatment approach being utilized, and understanding how each model might or might not adequately capture the entire picture presented by the behavior in question.

Some Tips for Reading the Literature

The articles reviewed for any course in forensic treatment methods should be based on good science and research methods. As a scholar/practitioner, you should keep several key points in mind while perusing the literature. As a tool, the following questions to ask yourself are offered to assist you in gaining an appreciation for treatment outcomes.

1. What treatment outcome model is being used — Relapse, Recidivism, HarmReduction, or a combination of all three?

2. Is the author presenting a limited view of the specific behavior by relying on only one model or on a model that is limited given the study? If so, what might this do to the results presented as well as the conclusions drawn?

3. Are there any risks to the author (or organization) if one type of treatment outcome model is considered? Would these risks create bias or inaccurate conclusions?

4. If the study reviewed was to be replicated using a different model, how might the results be similar and/or different?

These are four basic questions that can assist you in reading the outcome literature to provide a deeper understanding of the article as it relates to treatment outcomes. One Final Caveat The three treatment outcome models discussed not only have implications for the clinician and the forensic settings in which they work but also have very real meanings to the people who are undergoing the treatment. Sandy Lee presents a complicated case in that she was returned to prison for a parole violation, lost time with her children, lost the support of her boyfriend, and lost her freedom. Regardless of the model used to measure success of the treatment program, these are very real experiences for the person receiving treatment in the forensic treatment venue.

Treatment outcomes often are reported as facts in the literature. They are presented as numbers and results that remove any personal identifying information. A clinician in the forensic treatment setting, losing sight of the human cost to the client and the affected families, can become less potent as a care provider. While this does not mean a

clinician acts to prevent natural and appropriate consequences for behavior, it does call on forensic treatment professionals to remain invested in understanding the individual “Treatment Outcome Models” by Matthew D. Geyer (2009). experience of their clients and how treatment outcomes might impact their lives and the lives of those around them.

• Review Chapter 21, “Aftercare and Recidivism Prevention,” in the course text Handbook of Forensic Mental Health with Victims and Offenders: Assessment, Treatment, and Research. Pay attention to the effective uses of treatment outcome models with forensic populations.

• Review the article “Guilt and Shame as Predictors of Recidivism: A Longitudinal Study with Young Prisoners” in this week’s Learning Resources. Focus on using the recidivism treatment outcome model with the treatment of forensic populations.

• Review the article “A Study of Methadone Maintenance for Male Prisoners: 3-Month Postrelease Outcomes” in this week’s Learning Resources. Consider how the choice of treatment outcome models impacts the effectiveness of treatments used with forensic populations

• Review the article “Adult Sex Offenders on Community Supervision: A Review of Recent Assessment Strategies and Treatment” in this week’s Learning Resources. Focus on the distinctions among the three treatment outcome models used in the treatment of forensic population

• Focus on the similarities and differences among the three treatment outcome models in terms of relevance in defining treatment success and/or failure with specific forensic populations, challenges in application, and advantages of using each model.

The assignment (2–3 pages):

• Briefly describe each of the three treatment outcome models: recidivism, relapse, and harm-reduction.

• Compare (similarities and differences) the three treatment outcome models in terms of relevance in defining treatment success and/or failure with specific forensic populations, challenges in application, and advantages of each model.

• Explain at least one conclusion you drew or insight you gained as a result of your comparison.

FPSY6511 Treatment of Forensic Populations

Week 6 Assignment

Anger, Stress, and Aggression in Violent Offenders

Whether clinicians work in an outpatient setting, a community setting, or a correctional setting, they need to consider how the variables of anger, stress, and aggression relate to violent behavior. Anger and stress management treatment protocols are used to help and treat people who have been convicted of domestic violence, child abuse, gang-related activities, and other violent crimes. In order to maintain safety and deliver effective treatment, the forensic treatment provider must be familiar with the concepts of anger, stress, and aggression as they relate to violent offenders.

To prepare for this assignment:

Review the article “Understanding Clinical Anger and Violence: The Anger Avoidance Model” in this week’s Learning Resources. Focus on the relationship among processing stress, clinical anger, and aggression as they relate to violent offenders.

Review the article “The Role of Impulsivity in Antisocial and Violent Behavior and Personality Disorders Among Incarcerated Women” in this week’s Learning Resources. The Role of Impulsivity in Antisocial and Violent Behavior and Personality Disorders Among Incarcerated Women

Irina Komarovskaya, Ann Booker Loper, and Janet WarrenView all authors and affiliations

Volume 34, Issue 11

https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854807306354

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Abstract

This study investigated the relationships among impulsivity, antisocial and violent behavior, and personality disorders in 590 female inmates of a maximum-security female prison. Measures included the Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Prison Violence Inventory, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders Screening Questionnaire, numbers of institutional infractions recorded in inmate files, and violent versus nonviolent offending. Results showed that impulsivity was associated with personality psychopathology and aggressive and antisocial behavior. In contrast to findings of studies with male inmates, female violent offenders did not demonstrate higher levels of impulsivity than nonviolent offenders.

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References

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition. Arlington, VA: Author .

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American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition—text revision. Arlington, VA: Author .

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Barratt, E.S. (1959). Anxiety and impulsivity related to psychomotor efficiency. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 9, 191-198.

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Barratt, E.S. (1965). Factor analysis of some psychometric measures of impulsiveness and anxiety. Psychological Reports, 16, 547-554.

Google Scholar

Focus on the aspects of anger and aggression specific to female offenders. Think about how female offenders are similar to and different from general violent offender populations.

Review the article “Violent Men: The Importance of Impulsivity and Cognitive Schema” in this week’s Learning Resources. Consider the relationship among anger, aggression, and violence.

Review the article “Emotion Regulation, Coping, and Psychological Symptoms” in this week’s Learning Resources. Focus on the concepts of stress and aggression.

Synthesize what you have examined concerning the concepts of anger, stress, and aggression as they relate to violent offenders. Think about the implications of this relationship to the treatment of violent offenders.

The assignment (1–2 pages):

Briefly explain the concepts of anger, stress, and aggression as they relate to violent offenders.

Explain the relationship among anger, stress, and aggression.

FPSY6511 Treatment of Forensic Populations

Week 8 Assignment

Characteristics of Female Offenders

Leona Helmsley, Martha Stewart, Lynette “Squeaky” Fromme, Susan Smith, and Andrea Yates are some of the famous, or infamous, females who have recently spent time in correctional forensic treatment settings. These women were media “favorites,” and while their crimes were certainly worthy of the attention, what is more telling and compelling is that these women exhibited many common features shared by female offenders. When considering what these and other female offenders have in common, it is obvious that such features have implications for treatment approaches, the treatment itself, and the measurement of treatment success.

To prepare for this assignment:

• Review the article “Gendered Pathways: A Quantitative Investigation of Women Probationers’ Paths to Incarceration” in this week’s Learning Resources. Pay particular attention to common features that are relevant to female offenders, in general. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0093854809334076

• Review the article “The Natural History of Conduct Disorder Symptoms in Female Inmates: On the Predictive Utility of the Syndrome in Severely Antisocial Women” in this week’s Learning Resources. Focus on gender differences related to the etiology of antisocial behavior and consider how these differences would affect treatment approaches. Burnette, M. L., & Newman, D. L. (2005).

• The natural history of conduct disorder symptoms in female inmates: On the predictive utility of the syndrome in severely antisocial women

• Consider the features common to female offenders and think about how these features affect treatment approaches and their treatment outcomes.

• Select at least two of the features common to female offenders to use for this Application Assignment.

• Think about the implications of these specific features when selecting treatment approaches and treatment outcomes that might be appropriate and effective for female offenders. Consider how these features would affect treatment itself.

The assignment (1–2 pages):

• Identify and briefly describe the two features common to female offenders that you selected for this Application Assignment.

• Explain how and why each of these features is common among female offenders.

• Explain the implications of each feature on treatment approaches and treatment outcomes for female offenders. Be specific and provide examples.

FPSY6511 Treatment of Forensic Populations

Week 9 Assignment

The Role of Family in Treating Juvenile Offenders

Children often are defined by the relationships they have with others—they are sons, daughters, cousins, grandchildren, students, or wards. These relationships are dynamic, and as children age they establish their identity and individuality independent of others. At the same time, children typically rely on others for guidance and support. The goal of a child’s developmental process is to reach adulthood having the ability to act independently and responsibly in the context of established relationships such as the family. This is important to consider when selecting treatment approaches and providing treatment to juvenile offenders. In addition, it is important to consider the benefits and liabilities of involving the family or supportive adults in the treatment of juvenile offenders. Understanding how family can support or hinder the change process is an important consideration when treating juvenile offenders.

To prepare for this assignment:

• Think about the role and importance of family in the treatment of juvenile offenders.

The assignment (1–2 pages):

• Explain the role and importance of family in the treatment of juvenile offenders. Be specific. Use examples from the Learning Resources to illustrate your points.

FPSY6511 Treatment of Forensic Populations

Week 10 Assignment

Challenges in Treating Mentally Ill Offenders

In the study of forensic psychology, emphasis typically is placed on the individuals being served and their specific traits relevant to treatment. Forensic psychology professionals in forensic treatment settings must be familiar with symptoms of the myriad mental illnesses described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Additionally, treatment professionals must be well versed in the process of psychotherapy and other treatment approaches for the mentally ill. While many of the traditional counseling and therapy theories and approaches used with clinical clients also are appropriate for mentally ill offenders (e.g., empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness), forensic settings are not conventional treatment settings and may require special considerations.

To prepare for this assignment:

• Review the Learning Resources for this week as well as the resources and consider the depictions of mentally ill offenders and the treatment challenges associated with them, the treatment approaches and programs available as well as the challenges to successful treatment outcomes.

• Select two challenges related to the treatment of mentally ill offenders in a forensic setting. Think about the steps you would take to overcome these challenges. Finally, consider what treatment approach(es) best addresses these challenges.

The assignment (2–3 pages):

• Identify at least two challenges related to the treatment of mentally ill offenders in a forensic setting.

• Explain the challenges you selected and the steps you would take to overcome them.

• Briefly describe the treatment approach(es) you think best addresses the challenges you identified and why. Be specific.

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The many different forensic treatment settings – prisons, jails, outpatient settings, community centers, and specialized treatment centers

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