Some of the functions of bones
Content Questions for Chapter 11:
1. What are some of the functions of bones? (Table 11.1)
2. What is collagen? Cortical bone? Trabecular bone?
3. Before what age doe we reach peak bone mass? At what age does bone mass begin to
decline?
4. Why does the body break bone down?
5. What is Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry?
6. What percent of calcium is found in the bones? In the blood and soft tissues?
7. Calcium balance: What hormone helps regulate calcium balance? If dietary calcium is low,
will blood calcium be low? What will happen to bones?
8. What percent of calcium consumed is absorbed? What factors affect calcium absorption?
9. Are those of us in Snohomish County able to make Vitamin D from sunlight during winter
months?
10. Nutrition Myth or Fact: Highlight, pp 460-61: What are some guidelines for choosing
calcium supplements? Are they safe to take? What are contributing factors to the
insufficiency of Vitamin D, and who should take a Vitamin D supplement?
Content Questions for Chapter 12:
11. What is the role of blood in maintaining health?
12. Which cells transport oxygen? Which cells protect the body from infection?
13. What is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world?
14. What is hemoglobin? Myoglobin?
15. What factors increase absorption of iron? What factors decrease absorption?
16. What is the difference between heme and non-heme iron? Which is more absorbable?
What is meat factor?
17. What are some factors that contribute to iron deficiency?
18. What are some dietary factors that affect zinc absorption?
19. Why are infants given a shot of Vitamin K at birth?
20. Which is better absorbed: dietary folate or synthetic folic acid (p. 324)?
21. How can folate “mask” a B-12 deficiency? (pp. 324-325)
22. What birth defects are associated with folate deficiency?
23. Why is it important for all women of childbearing age to take folate supplements (or eat
folate-fortified foods)? (pp. 487-488)
24. What role does intrinsic factor play in Vitamin B-12 absorption? Atrophic gastritis? (pp.
326-327)
25. What role do folate and B12 play in heart disease prevention? (p. 320)
26. What nutrients deficiencies contribute to macrocytic anemia? Pernicious anemia?
27. Skim through the info on the immune system, pp. 489 – 494 (note: this is pretty timely
information as we deal with Covid 19!). How does protein/energy malnutrition impair
immune function?
28. What role do essential (omega-6 and omega-3) fatty acids play in immunity?
29. What other vitamins and minerals are important to immune function?
30. How does infection impact nutritional status?
31. Nutrition Myth or Fact (p. 495-96): Do zinc lozenges really help decrease incidence of
colds? Would you use them, or recommend them to others?
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