What is the amygdala?
Question 1 Adrenal glands
comprise a brain structure that is involved in sensory perception and the regulation of motor functions.
are glands that produce hormones that facilitate the stress response.
are the consequences of the stress response upon functioning, such as feeling anxious or becoming physically ill.
comprise a master gland that controls the functions of other glands.
Question 2Which is NOT one of the six core processes of ACT?
learning how to relax and better cope with stress by altering physiological activities
being present (i.e., being able to direct attention flexibly and voluntarily to current external and internal events)
self as context (i.e., recognizing that thoughts and feelings are ever changing depending on one’s perspective and context)
identification of values that are personally important
Question 3What is the amygdala?
a part of the brain that plays a central role in emotional reactions such as the stress response
a master gland that controls the functions of other glands
a structure that directly stimulates the adrenal glands to produce catecholamines
a structure that directly causes the release of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Question 4__________ is an example of a cognitive stress intervention. __________ is an example of a physical stress intervention.
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT); Progressive muscle relaxation
Progressive muscle relaxation; A breathing exercise
A breathing exercise; Biofeedback
A breathing exercise; Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)
Question 5Which is INCORRECT according to the stages of change model?
“I have stopped drinking” is an example of action.
“I enjoy getting drunk” is an example of precontemplation.
“It has been 6 months since my last drink” is an example of maintenance.
“I will stop going out to bars” is an example of contemplation.
Question 6The health onion perspective views etiology in layers. Each layer is a contributing factor, and no one layer can be fully isolated when working to identify the etiology, or causes of a disease. What is the layer at the center of the onion?
general socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions
the biological individual (e.g., age, sex, heredity)
social and community networks
living and working conditions
Question 7The term eustress is NOT used to refer to
stress as having energizing and healthy effects.
the positive effects of stress.
how responding to challenges in life can actually add to our health and vitality.
the negative effects of stress.
Question 8An example of internal locus of control is
“I’m sick because I’m unlucky.”
“I’m sick because I stayed out in the rain too long.”
“I’m just doing what my doctor tells me to do.”
“I’m concerned about health.”
Question 9Which of the following statements does NOT describe the biomedical model?
It assumes that achieving wellness is largely a psychological endeavor.
It conforms to a dualistic view that health and illness can be understood by studying the body (physical and biological factors) as being separate from the mind (psychosocial factors).
It reduces the complexity of health to a single cause: the physical self.
It posits that health and illness can be explained solely on the basis of biological factors.
Question 10__________ is a physical state or condition to the right on the illness-wellness continuum that involves being in good physical and mental health. It is typically characterized by overt efforts aimed at maintaining this state or condition.
Health belief
Illness
Wellness
Health
Question 11The exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome is
the maintenance of a state of constancy despite changes in the outside environment.
the stage in which the body and mind ramp up to a state of apprehension (freeze, flight, or fight).
the stage in which only some of the physiological components of the alarm stage remain (such as tension, worry, and lack of sleep).
the stage that is marked by a wearing down of the body’s defenses.
Question 12The transtheoretical model
predicts that a patient may go back and forth through a series of stages to decide whether to change his or her behavior.
is not also called the stages of change model.
consists of four stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, and maintenance.
predicts that the communication is directed from physician to patient.
Question 13__________ predicts health-related behaviors based on a core set of beliefs of an individual’s perception of susceptibility, severity of illness, cost-benefit of behavior change, control, motivation, and cues to action.
Monism
Locus of control
The health belief model
The patient-centered communication model
Question 14The term freeze, flight, or fight
refers to a stress response that does not prepare organisms to overcome threats in their environment.
illustrates the responses available to organisms during the alarm stage.
defines the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
describes the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
Question 15Cognitive stress interventions
are targeted at reducing the physical symptoms of the stress response.
are specifically aimed at altering the thinking patterns that produce stress.
include breathing exercises and progressive muscle relaxation.
include biofeedback, breathing exercises, and progressive muscle relaxation.
Question 16An important component of stress models that emphasizes that stress results from the interaction of the person with his/her environment is called
startle response.
thalamus.
transaction.
stress symptom.
Question 17Primary appraisal _________, whereas secondary appraisal __________.
is a psychological process that occurs when an individual evaluates resources according to their adequacy in meeting a life demand; is a psychological process that occurs when an individual evaluates events according to their significance to his/her well-being
is a psychological process that occurs when an individual evaluates resources according to their adequacy in meeting a life demand; is the result of an imbalance between perceived demands and perceived resources that has the potential to cause negative emotions and physical wear and tear on the body
is a psychological process that occurs when an individual evaluates events according to their significance to his/her well-being; enables the body to spring into action without needing the thinking brain
is a psychological process that occurs when an individual evaluates events according to their significance to his/her well-being; is a psychological process that occurs when an individual evaluates resources according to their adequacy in meeting a life demand
Question 18Which of the following statements defines the term primary prevention?
It is prevention aimed at the early diagnosis and detection of treatable disease.
It is prevention aimed at stopping disease before it occurs.
It is prevention aimed at wellness for those with chronic irreversible diseases.
It aims to identify diseases early to make them easier to manage.
Question 19The _________approach begins with the identification of an illness that is to be addressed. Its goal is to eradicate it.
dualism
monism
treatment
wellness
Question 20Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the biopsychosocial model?
It is the perspective that health and illness can be explained solely by biological factors.
It is the view that illness, health, and wellness can be best explained by the interactions of biological, psychological, and social factors.
It represents a holistic perspective of illness, health, and wellness.
It conforms to a monistic view, according to which the mind and body are interconnected in such a way that they can be treated as if they are the same.
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